Orthodontists have used a variety of hand-held dental instruments to position the brackets for direct bonding. A number of instruments, including the Boone and Dougherty gauges, have been used for accurate positioning of brackets in direct bonding. Although position adjustments can be made with such an instrument, the bracket can easily slip when the instrument is removed. Indirect bonding may ...

The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) remains challenging. While only a small fraction patients with systemic present clinically symptomatic CS, involvement has been associated adverse outcomes, such as ventricular arrhythmia, heart block, failure and sudden death. Despite the clinical relevance having an early accurate there is no gold-standard technique available for assessment CS. Non-in...

Nickel-titanium rotary instruments are important adjuncts in endodontic therapy. This review attempts to identify factors that influence shaping outcomes with these files, such as preoperative root-canal anatomy and instrument tip design. Other, less significant factors include operator experience, rotational speed, and specific instrument sequence. Implications of various working length defini...

Whereas John Hunter (1728-93) the anatomist, zoologist, physiologist, pathologist and museum collector receives unceasing eulogy, his work as a practising surgeon is curiously neglected. As far as can be determined, there are no studies devoted to his instruments and operative technique before a personal investigation in 1991, perhaps for the good reason that these would prove inconclusive. Nev...

We propose Medial Atom Ray Fields (MARFs), a novel neural object representation that enables accurate differentiable surface rendering with single network evaluation per camera ray. Existing ray fields struggle multi-view consistency and representing discontinuities. MARFs address both using medial shape representation, dual of solid geometry yields cheap geometrically grounded normals, in turn...

background: hbv and hcv coinfection is common, particularly in endemic areas and among high risk groups. in this study we have investigated the prevalence of hbv/hcv coinfection and compared the biochemical and serological characteristics of such patients compare with the patients having hepatitis c infection alone.   methods: we studied 207 patients diagnosed as having chronic hepatitis c, wit...