This work demonstrates determination of lead (Pb) in surface water samples using a low-cost copper (Cu)-based electrochemical sensor. Heavy metals require careful monitoring due to their toxicity, yet current methods are too complex or bulky for point-of-care (POC) use. Electrochemistry offers a convenient alternative for metal determination, but the traditional electrodes, such as carbon or go...

facing the world today is the contamination of the environment by inorganic, organic, and organometallic species. One area of particular interest is the detection of heavy metals and metalloids in environmental matrices and the elucidation of their pathways through various environmental compartments (1–4). Ultimately, these toxic metals are incorporated into drinking water and various food chai...

Anthropogenic emission of platinum group elements (PGEs) from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters into the environment has significantly increased. Dust emitted from the catalyst is causing pollution problems of these metals in the future. However, the concentration level of these PGEs is still very low in the nature. The choice of which determination method to use depends on the le...

Heavy metals are natural components of Earth’s crust. They cannot be degraded or destroyed. The impurification of water surfaces with heavy metals usually has disastrous effects on the environment. That’s why the determination of heavy metals concentrations at levels of ppm or ppb is strictly necessary. Industrial, economical and demographic development generates huge amounts of wastes which ha...