Two contrasting problem solving episodes are presented in which a pre-algebra student uses systematic guessing and checking to solve algebra word problems with the underlying structure: “For a given y, m, and b, find x such that y=mx+b.” The first episode illustrates how the student initially engages in systematic guessing and checking organized in a table (a “Guess and Check chart”) to converg...

This paper presents a theoretical model of noisy introspection designed to explain behavior in games played only once. The model determines layers of beliefs about others’ beliefs about ..., etc., but allows for surprises by relaxing the equilibrium requirement that belief distributions coincide with decision distributions. Noise is injected into iterated conjectures about others’ decisions and...

the present study aims to determine the psychometric characteristics of the watson–glaser critical thinking test among employees in the iranian national oil company. for this purpose, 380 employees referred to ‘the assessment center’in 1390-91 were selected through random sampling method  . the research method is a descriptive – instrument maling one. in which two tests were used:  1)watson–gla...

Buckling is typically the governing failure mode of thin-walled shells. In particular, geometric and material imperfections have a major influence on buckling behavior. Small variations large effects load-bearing However, design shells still characterized by deterministic way thinking, in which uncertainties not yet been sufficiently considered. Even probabilistic approaches, false assumptions ...

Abstract A broader spectrum of creative practice is considered more closely, distinguishing between art and design as different entities within the tradition. Drawing distinctions these two forms, could help us understand creativity with breadth. Creativity may be classified across domains in visual arts, thinking thinking. This distinction has a long tradition, however, research outside practi...

The intermittent nature of wind energy generation has introduced a new degree of uncertainty to the tactical planning of energy systems. Shortterm energy balancing decisions are no longer (fully) known, and it is this lack of knowledge that causes the need for strategic thinking. But despite this observation, strategic models are rarely set in an uncertain environment. And even if they are, the...