this article describes and explains some theoretical challenges to political ideologies and seeks to offer some proper responses to these challenges. in this regard, the following ideas are concentrated: 1) the political ideologies have their own subjective and objective motives and their own cognitive basics. the more these motives and basics change the more the political ideologies modifies. ...

Studies are beginning to show the importance of appraisals to different types and severities of psychiatric disorders. Yet, little work in this area has assessed whether trauma-related appraisals can differentiate complex trauma-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative identity disorder (DID). The current study evaluated whether any of 6 trauma-related ap...

Defining Unemployment in Developing Countries: Evidence from Trinidad and Tobago The International Labour Organisation (ILO) argues for relaxing the standard definition of unemployment in developing countries by eliminating the requirement that a person be actively searching for a job. We examine whether such an extension of the standard definition is appropriate in the case of Trinidad and Tob...

The paper presents an introduction to and summary of the concept of alienation as found in the works of Karl Marx, from a developmental perspective. Five separate works, ranging from his early to later writings, are discussed. Tlie paper argues that Marx's concept of alienation is a continuous clarification and expansion of ideas first put forth in 1844. His development in economics supports an...

This article presents an examination of class-based inequalities in turnout at British elections. These inequalities have substantially grown, and the class divide in participation has become greater than the class divide in vote choice between the two main parties. To account for class inequalities in turnout three main hypotheses – to do with policy indifference, policy alienation and social ...

A Software-Process-Off-The-Shelf (SPOTS) is a software process which can be bought and used in a software developing organization. Choosing the SPOTS that fulfills the needs of an organization is a difficult task and errors may have serious and expensive consequences. This paper introduces the concept of SPOTS, discusses the problem of their choice and provides the requirements and the general ...

conclusions as the majority of the staff had average level of job satisfaction and emotional intelligence and others were lower than average, it seems necessary for authorities to explore the reasons for job dissatisfaction to prevent job burnout, depression and developing a sense of helplessness in the staff. it is also recommended to hold educational workshops for the staff especially who are...

Because of these links, job creation, and increasing the job intensity of growth, tends to take priority on policy makers agenda. Indeed, “job-less growth” is often seen as a major concern and has been blamed for slow progress on poverty reduction in many countries. However, there are two problems with focusing only on job creation and growth. First, many developing countries face rapidly growi...

Purpose The current study is aimed at analyzing whether and how organizational constraints (i.e. lack of autonomy) individual characteristics psychological capital) are related to work alienation in subordinates supervisors, the often hypothesized relationship between autonomy moderated a three-way interaction (autonomy × capital hierarchical level). hypotheses developed by drawing on tenets jo...