The number of chemicals in commerce which have not been evaluated for potential developmental toxicity is large. Because of the time and expense required by conventional developmental toxicity tests, an abbreviated assay is needed that will preliminarily evaluate otherwise untested chemicals to help prioritize them for conventional testing. A proposed short-term in vivo assay has been used in a...

background: in this study, the toxicity of the different xenobiotics was tested on the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster model system.  methods: fly larvae were raised on food supplemented with xenobioticsat different concentrations (sodium nitroprusside (0.1-1.5 mm), s-nitrosoglutathione (0.5-4 mm), and potassium ferrocyanide (1 mm)). emergence of flies, food intake by larvae, and pupation hei...

.............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. iii Foreword............................................................................................................................. iv...

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been linked to negative health outcomes including cancer, thyroid disease, infertility, and developmental delays. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cyclic sugar, has been previously shown to form strong host-guest complexes with PFOA, and is proposed as a means of environmental remediation with respect to this widespread contaminant. In the present study, β-CD was direc...

The herbicide glyphosate has undergone multiple safety tests for developmental toxicity in rats and rabbits. The European Commission's 2002 review of available glyphosate data discusses specific heart defects observed in several individual rabbit developmental toxicity studies, but describes the evidence for a potential causal relationship as equivocal. The present assessment was undertaken to ...

Most studies designed for assessing teratogenic effects focus on only three of four types of final manifestations of abnormal development; namely intrauterine death, malformations, and growth retardation. Developmental toxicity evaluations generally do not include functional deficits. Current techniques are inadequate for assessing functional capability during perinatal development, and there i...

A series of studies to further evaluate the developmental and reproductive toxicity of inhaled 1,3-butadiene was sponsored by the National Toxicology Program. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (24-28/group) and Swiss (CD-1) mice (18-22/group) were exposed to atmospheric concentrations of 0, 40, 200, or 1000 ppm 1,3-butadiene for 6 hr/day on days 6 through 15 of gestation (dg) and killed on dg 18 (mi...

Development of approaches to risk assessment for reproductive toxicity has aided in the critical evaluation of the scientific basis for interpretation of data and the description of assumptions underlying the process. In addition, it has helped to standardize, to the extent possible, the use of qualitative and quantitative data in the hazard identification and dose-response processes and to ide...

ZfAHR2 has been identified as the receptor that is essential for mediating the developmental toxicity caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in zebrafish. One form of zfARNT2, zfARNT2b, forms a functional heterodimer with zfAHR2 that specifically recognizes XREs in gel shift experiments and induces XRE-driven transcription in COS-7 cells treated with TCDD. However, it has not been...