Phosphorous (P) is an essential nutrient for all living organisms and when available in surplus could cause eutrophication in aquatic systems. While P has only one stable isotope, P in most organic and inorganic P forms is strongly bonded to oxygen (O), which has three stable isotopes, providing a system to track phosphorus cycling and transformations using the stable isotopes of O in phosphate...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS From Darwin's time onward, biologists have thought about adaptation as evolution toward optimal trait values, but they have not usually assessed the relative importance of the distinct causes of deviations from optima. This problem is investigated here by measuring adaptive inaccuracy (phenotypic deviation from the optimum), using flower pollination as an adaptive system. ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phosphorylation of δ opioid receptors (DOP receptors) by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was shown to regulate the trafficking of this receptor. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of CDK5 in regulating DOP receptors in rats treated with morphine or with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). As μ (MOP) and DOP receptors are known to be co-regulated, we also sought to d...

Low copy number (LCN) DNA evidence (≤100pg) can become difficult to analyze with traditional STR analysis due to allele drop-out and increased stochastic effects. To overcome these limitations, whole genome amplification (WGA) has been investigated. Degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR), one form of WGA, uses a partially degenerate primer and a low annealing temperature (30oC) to gene...

We investigate the amount of cooperation between agents in a population during reward collection that is required to minimize the overall collection time. In our computer simulation agents have the option to broadcast the position of a reward to neighboring agents with a normally distributed certainty. We modify the standard deviation of this certainty to investigate its optimum setting for a v...

Working memory (WM) is essential to academic achievement. Any enhancement of WM abilities may improve children's school performance. We tested the usefulness of the differential outcomes procedure (DOP) to enhance typically developing children's performance on a spatial WM task. The DOP involves a conditional discriminative learning task in which a correct choice response to a specific stimulus...

This paper presents an empirical assessment of the LFGDOP model introduced by Bed & Kaplan (1998). The parser we describe uses fragments l'rom LFG-aunotated sentences to parse new sentences and Monte Carlo techniques to compute the most probable parse. While our main goal is to test Bed & Kaplan's model, we will also test a version of LFG-DOP which treats generalized fragments as previously uns...

where mreal,t = dmt/m denotes the percentage deviation of real money balances from their steady-state level, ∆pt ≡ [(Pt/Pt−1) /(1+μ)]−1 denotes the percentage deviation of inßation from its (gross) steady-state level of 1 + μ, and the other variables are as deÞned in the text. The foreign counterpart to (370) is mreal,t = c ∗ t− δ (1 + μ) (1 + δ) − (1 + δ)rt+1− 1 (1 + μ) (1 + δ)− 1 ∗ t+1. (38 0)

OBJECTIVE Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a prognostic marker in cardiovascular disease. The use of Doppler-measured ankle-brachial pressure index (Dop-ABI) for PAD diagnosis is limited because of time, required training, and costs. We assessed automated oscillometric measurement of the ankle-brachial pressure index (Osc-ABI) by nurses and clinical staff. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Clin...