SCADA traffic between the Human Machine Interface (HMI) and the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is known to be highly periodic. However, it is sometimes multiplexed, due to asynchronous scheduling. Modeling the network traffic patterns of multiplexed SCADA streams using Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) for anomaly detection typically produces a very large DFA, and a high false-alarm rate...

Stochastic fractal signals can be characterized by the Hurst coefficient H, which is related to the exponents of various power-law statistics characteristic of these processes. Two techniques widely used to estimate H are spectral analysis and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). This paper examines the analytical link between these two measures and shows that they are related through an integ...

Di-D-fructose-2,6':6,2'-dianhydride (DFA-IV) is a disaccharide consisting of two fructose residues that are prepared from levan by levan fructotransferase. Levan is a homopolysaccharide composed of D-fructofuranosyl residues joined by β-(2,6) and β-(2,1) linkages. We compared the immunomodulatory effects of levan with DFA-IV. Tumoricidal activity, phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production w...

Recent work has shown that second-order recurrent neural networks (2ORNNs) may be used to infer deterministic nite automata (DFA) when trained with positive and negative string examples. This paper shows that 2ORNN can also learn DFA from samples consisting of pairs (W; W) where W is a noisy string of input vectors describing the degree of resemblance of every input to the symbols in the alphab...

Demand-driven data-flow analysis (DD-DFA) has been pioneered in the field of interprocedural analysis of sequential programs to accommodate the specific needs of analysis tools like debuggers and slicers, but also to compensate for the continuous growth of programs and program complexity making static program analyses more and more intricate and time consuming. Particularly successful in practi...

Notwithstanding the significant efforts to develop estimators of long-range correlations (LRC) and to compare their performance, no clear consensus exists on what is the best method and under which conditions. In addition, synthetic tests suggest that the performance of LRC estimators varies when using different generators of LRC time series. Here, we compare the performances of four estimators...

The specific role of autonomic vascular control in determining non-linear behaviour of RR intervals is not clear. In 10 T12-L4 paraplegic subjects (light vascular autonomic impairment), 12 T5-T11 paraplegic subjects (moderate vascular autonomic impairment), and 24 controls RR time series were recorded (10 min): 1) in resting supine position; 2) sitting on the wheelchair and 3) during a light (5...

A product redesign approach has been developed to facilitate the product modification processes. This approach combines the idea of Function Allocation (FA), Problem Recommendation Driven Mechanism (PRDM) and the Design for Assembly (DFA) methodology to develop an effective redesign approach. The DFA is used to evaluate a product from the viewpoint of assembly and product design. The FA is used...

The common carotid artery (CCA) supplies intra- and extra-cranial vascular beds. An area in the medulla controlling CCA blood flow is defined as the dorsal facial area (DFA) by Kuo et al. in 1987. In the DFA, presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers innervate preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons which give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic 7th and 9t...

We propose a scheme to reduce power consumption in pipelined AC-DFA (Aho-Corasick deterministic finite automaton) tries for deep packet inspection (DPI). It is based on our observation that the access frequency drops dramatically as the input goes through stages of the pipelined implementation of the AC-DFA trie. Experiments show that the access frequency of the fourth stage is one thousandth o...