Mast cells that accumulate cholesterol precursors in their membranes tend to overreact, according to Kovarova and colleagues on page 1161. This mast cell hyperresponsiveness might help explain why patients with a genetic disease known as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) are prone to food allergies. Patients with SLOS have abnormally low levels of circulating cholesterol— and a corresponding ab...

District heating and cooling (DHC) systems play an important role under the new European Union (EU) energy transition strategy. Thermal networks are helping to stimulate development of alternative technologies based on a broad range renewable sources. The present study analysed current situation DHC in Spain provides overview challenges future opportunities that their use will entail. Its objec...

We consider a d-dimensional disordered harmonic chain (DHC) perturbed by an energy conservative noise. We obtain uniform in the volume upper and lower bounds for the thermal conductivity defined through the Green-Kubo formula. These bounds indicate a positive finite conductivity. We prove also that the infinite volume homogenized Green-Kubo formula converges.

BACKGROUND Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction is a devastating condition, with up to 80% mortality in conservatively treated patients. The pathophysiology of this stroke is characterized by a large core of severe ischemia and only a relatively small rim of penumbra. Due to the fast development of irreversible morphological damage, cytotoxic edema occurs immediately in a large portion o...

The microtubule (MT) plus-end motor kinesin heavy chain (Khc) is well known for its role in long distance cargo transport. Recent evidence showed that Khc is also required for the organization of the cellular MT network bymediating MT sliding. We found that mutations in Khc and the gene of its adaptor protein, kinesin light chain (Klc) resulted in identical bristle morphology defects, with the ...

UNLABELLED It has long been accepted that most vertebrate animals meet their vitamin D requirements from exposure of skin to UV-B (UV-B) radiation. Many factors affect this endogenous synthesis of vitamin D, including season, latitude, time of day, age, presence of hair, and degree of skin pigmentation. Most bats roost in dark places by day and forage at night, and thus have little or no potent...

The microtubule (MT) plus-end motor kinesin heavy chain (Khc) is well known for its role in long distance cargo transport. Recent evidence showed that Khc is also required for the organization of the cellular MT network by mediating MT sliding. We found that mutations in Khc and the gene of its adaptor protein, kinesin light chain (Klc) resulted in identical bristle morphology defects, with the...

Glucocorticoid concentrations are a balance between production under the negative feedback control and diurnal rhythm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and peripheral metabolism, for example by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which catalyses the reduction of inactive cortisone (11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHC) in mice) to cortisol (corticosterone i...