Cerebrovascular insult (CVI) is a known and important risk factor for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA); still, it seems that the prevalence of DKA among the patients suffering CVI and its influence on stroke outcome might be underestimated. Diabetic ketoacidosis itself has been reported to be a risk factor for the occurrence of stroke in children and youth. A cerebral hypoperfusio...

Nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death-1 receptor, is increasingly used in advanced cancers. While nivolumab use enhances cancer therapy, it is associated with increased immune-related adverse events. We describe an elderly man who presented in ketoacidosis after receiving nivolumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. On presentation, he was hyperpneic and laboratory an...

BACKGROUND Since the introduction of atypical antipsychotic medications, beginning with clozapine in 1990, several case reports in the psychiatric literature have suggested that they might be associated with new onset of diabetes mellitus as well as with diabetic ketoacidosis. METHODS We report the case of a 38-year-old patient with schizophrenia who suddenly developed diabetes mellitus and k...

Diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state are the most serious complications of diabetic decompensation and remain associated with excess mortality. Insulin deficiency is the main underlying abnormality. Associated with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones, insulin deficiency can trigger hepatic glucose production and reduced glucose uptake, resulting in hyperglyce...

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), an immunoreceptor, is located on T cells and pro-B cells and interacts with its ligands to inhibit T cell activation and proliferation, thereby promoting immunological self-tolerance. Nivolumab, an anti-PD1 antibody, blocks PD-1 and can restore anticancer immune responses by abrogating PD-1 pathway-mediated T-cell inhibition. Autoimmune adverse events are expecte...

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the leading causes of mortality in diabetic children. This study aimed to determine the frequency of mortality and complications of DKA during treatment in order to make the necessary modifications with regard to the common treatment problems. This was a cross sectional study, where patients were selected by examining the records of 112 children under the ...

Introduction Spironolactone is a specific competitive antagonist of aldosterone, the most potent endogenous mineralocorticoid, which modifies renal electrolyte handling and is therefore commonly used as a diuretic in conditions associated with secondary hyperaldosteronism. In renal insufficiency, aldosterone antagonists may induce significant hyperkalaemia even if administered concurrently with...

The occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy compromises both the fetus and the mother. It usually occurs in the later stages of pregnancy and is also seen in newly presenting type 1 diabetes patients. Despite improvement in its incidence rates and outcomes over the years, it still remains a major clinical problem since it tends to occur at lower blood glucose levels and more rapidly th...

Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. DKA results from absolute or relative deficiency of circulating insulin and from combined effects of increased counter regulatory hormone levels. The combination of low serum insulin and high counter regulatory hormone concentrations accelerate catabolic state with increased glucose production by liver ...

An 18-year-old man presented with altered mental status. He was found to have diabetic ketoacidosis. Chest X-ray showed pneumomediastinum. After intubation for air-way protection, an oral-gastric tube was placed. A chest computed tomography scan showed the tip of the oral-gastric tube to be in the right hemithorax. The patient underwent a thoracotomy and was managed in the intensive care unit. ...