During the past 10 years, intensive experimental research has focused on the effects of mechanical ventilation on the diaphragm. Whatever the animal species studied, all these studies have consistently shown that mechanical ventilation impaired diaphragm function, resulting in the so-called ventilatorinduced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) [1–9]. The development of this effect is rapid and worsens...

conclusions there is clinical utility in knowing the relative deflection of various needle tips. when a procedure requires a needle to be steered around obstacles, or along non-collinear targets, the predictable and large amount of deflection obtained through use of a beveled spinal needle may prove beneficial. materials and methods six needles commonly used in spinal procedures (quincke, short...

The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that separates the lungs from the abdomen. When a person takes a deep breath, the dome-shaped diaphragm contracts and flattens. In doing this, the diaphragm pulls air into the lungs. The left diaphragm contains a small hole through which passes the tube-shaped esophagus that carries food and liquid to the stomach. Normally this hole, called a hiatus, is small ...

Inspiratory muscle weakness in patients with COPD is of major clinical relevance. For instance, maximum inspiratory pressure generation is an independent determinant of survival in severe COPD. Traditionally, inspiratory muscle weakness has been ascribed to hyperinflation-induced diaphragm shortening. However, more recently, invasive evaluation of diaphragm contractile function, structure, and ...

According to our previous theoretical study, sensor sensitivity is proportional to the cube of the side length of the diaphragm in a guided-wave optical pressure sensor consisting of a glass diaphragm and a single-mode waveguide on the diaphragm. Also, to obtain higher sensitivity, an aspect ratio of the diaphragm should be approximately 1 for two waveguide positions: the center and the edge of...

Unlike well-investigated polymer-based soft actuators such as gel, Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite, conducting polymer, a CFRP-based polymeric laminate possesses quite distinguished properties. It was previously reported that a CFRP-PVC laminate exhibited two-way deflection in accordance with environmental temperature, but it could not exhibit symmetric deflection because of its asymmetric struct...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess and compare the characteristics of commonly used initial archwires by their load deflection graphs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study tested three wire designs namely copper nickel titanium (CNT), nickel titanium (NiTi), and multi-strand NiTi (MSNT) archwires engaged in passive self-ligating (PSL) brackets, active self-ligating (ASL) brackets or c...

Preface In the scope of my studies at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in the Engineering Acoustics master program, I have done my final project about modelling distortion in condenser microphones. This subject was originally proposed by Brüel & Kjaer Sound & Vibration Measurement A/S (B&K) under the title Distortion process in condenser microphones. In February 2009 I have started my ...

An optically thin resonator suspended over a substrate and illuminated with a laser forms an interference field that couples deflection of the resonator to absorption within it. For high enough laser powers, such resonators have been shown to be interferometrically transduced to stable oscillations due to the feedback between heating and deflection. The coupling between thermal stresses, deflec...