Diarrhea is a common comorbidity present in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) who are treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. With a multifactorial etiology, this diarrhea often becomes difficult to manage. In addition, some antiretrovirals are associated with chronic diarrhea, which potentially creates an adherence barrier to a...

BACKGROUND Mice do not get diarrhea when orally infected with S. enterica, but pre-treatment with oral aminoglycosides makes them susceptible to Salmonella colitis. However, genetically susceptible ItyS mice (Nramp1(G169D) allele) die from systemic infection before they develop diarrhea, so a new model is needed to study the pathogenesis of diarrhea. We pretreated ItyR mice (Nramp1(G169)) with ...

We investigated the laxative and anti-diarrheal activity of polycarbophil, an insoluble hydrophilic polymer, in comparison with other agents used for treating functional bowel disorder (FBD). In naive rats, polycarbophil (500 mg/kg) increased fecal weight and water contents without producing diarrhea. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) did not produce evident changes in bowel movement. Picosulfate ma...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute diarrhea is the most common pediatric illness in Taiwan, despite the considerable improvements in hygiene. The aims of this study were to evaluate the epidemiology of diarrhea among children younger than 5 years in Taiwan, and to analyze the epidemiological changes since 1985. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted from January 2007 to June 2007, which targe...

BACKGROUND Oral rehydration salts (ORS), zinc, and continued feeding are the recommended treatments for community-acquired acute diarrhea among young children. However, probiotics are becoming increasingly popular treatments for diarrhea in some countries. We sought to estimate the effect of probiotics on diarrhea morbidity and mortality in children < 5 years of age. METHODS We conducted a sy...

OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term outcome of cats infected with Tritrichomonas foetus and identify treatment and management strategies influencing resolution of infection or associated diarrhea. DESIGN Prospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION 26 cats with T. foetus-associated diarrhea at least 22 months prior to the study. PROCEDURE A standardized survey regarding clinical course and manag...

Chronic diarrhea is usually associated with a number of non-infectious causes. When definitive treatment is unavailable, symptomatic drug therapy is indicated. Pharmacologic agents for chronic diarrhea include loperamide, 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, diosmectite, cholestyramine, probiotics, antispasmodics, rifaximin, and anti-inflammatory agents. Loperamide, a synthe...

We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis examining the association between diarrhea in young children in nonindustrialized settings and Giardia lamblia infection. Eligible were case/control and longitudinal studies that defined the outcome as acute or persistent (>14 days) diarrhea, adjusted for confounders and lasting for at least 1 year. Data on G. lamblia detection (main...

conclusions this study provides initial data on the prevalence and distribution of the flaa, cadf, ciab, cdtb, cgtb, docc and wlan genes in c. jejuni. background campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is a major cause of human diarrheal disease. objectives this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of different pathogenic genes in isolates recovered from human stool samples in rosario, arge...