Background/Aims: Endometrial thickening is a nonspecific finding in women with premenopausal bleeding. Though it is expected in the luteal phase of ovulatory cycle or with anovulatory bleeding, it can be due to hyperplasia, polyps, leiomyomas, or endometrial carcinoma. Three-dimensional ultrasonography is an imaging technique that allows unique ways of assessing uterine and adnexeal pathology. ...

OBJECTIVES To compare the interobserver reliability of antral follicle counts made using real-time two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound with offline counts made from stored three-dimensional (3D) data and to assess the time required for such counts. METHODS Two observers conducted transvaginal ultrasound examinations in 45 subfertile women in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Antr...

BACKGROUND Four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound scanning (3D real-time mode) can improve the orientation of the anatomy of the area of interest and navigation by controlling the needle position. The objectives of this study were to identify the optimal technique for navigation and to assess clinically the efficacy of 4D ultrasound navigation for epidural anaesthesia at lower thoracic and lumbar lev...

BACKGROUND Diagnostic ultrasonography plays an important part in cardiology. New technological advances such as three-dimensional representation of the heart now make an important supplement to today's standard echocardiography. MATERIAL AND METHOD An overview based on PubMed literature studies and the authors' own experience is provided of the opportunities three-dimensional echocardiography...

September 1999 23 medicamundi The first crude 3-D reconstructions of ultrasound data were performed nearly fifteen years ago. There was rapid development in reconstruction algorithms for surface and volume rendering, but clinical application of 3-D ultrasound was handicapped by problems intrinsic to ultrasound imaging, such as speckle, clutter, grating lobe and other artifacts. It has taken a n...

Measurement of plaque burden is different from measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Carotid total plaque area is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular risk than IMT, and in contrast to progression of IMT, which does not predict cardiovascular events, progression of total plaque area and total plaque volume strongly predict cardiovascular events. Measurement of plaque burden is ...

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a useful imaging technique that can be used to assess the health of coronary arteries. However, manual segmentation of the lumen and adventia boundaries is a time consuming process. Automated methods are needed, but they have to be able to overcome poor signal-to-noise ratios and artifacts commonly present in IVUS images. In this work, three improvements to pr...