Hydraulic conditions required to initiate movement of unanchored residue materials are identified in the present study. Selected amounts of corn, cotton, pine needles, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, and wheat residue are placed in a flume on a sand surface, and flow is then introduced at the top of the flume in progressive increments. The discharge rate and flow velocity necessary to cause residu...

We study a cosmological model in which phantom dark energy has an interaction with dark matter by introducing a term in the equations of motion of dark energy and dark matter. Such a term is parameterized by a product of a dimensionless coupling function δ, Hubble parameter and the energy density of dark matter, and it manifests an energy flow between the dark energy and dark matter. We discuss...

The partial coalescence of a droplet onto a planar liquid-liquid interface is investigated experimentally by tuning the viscosities of both liquids. The problem mainly depends on four dimensionless parameters: The Bond number (gravity vs surface tension), the Ohnesorge numbers (viscosity in both fluids vs surface tension), and the density relative difference. The ratio between the daughter drop...

In this paper the effect of quadratic and cubic non-linearities of the system consisting of the crankshaft and torsional vibration damper (TVD) is taken into account. TVD consists of non-linear elastomer material used for controlling the torsional vibration of crankshaft. The method of multiple scales is used to solve the governing equations of the system. Meanwhile, the frequency response of t...

Electrokinetic pumps are a novel microfluidic technology being pursued for microscale high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and heat transfer applications. These pumps are typically reported to have efficiencies of only a few percent or less. We present an analytical and numerical investigation of the thermodynamic efficiency of electrokinetic pumping, solving the hydrodynamic and fully...

The thickness of the bedload layer is a crucial parameter for evaluating sediment transport rates in open channel flow, but it is often determined empirically. Based on the concept of the hydrodynamic diffusion related to particle-particle interactions, an analytical model is proposed in this study for computing the thickness of the bedload layer. The coefficient of diffusion is assumed to be a...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of conducting boundaries on the onset of convection in a binary fluid-saturated porous layer. The isotropic saturated porous layer is bounded by two impermeable but thermally conducting plates, subjected to a constant heat flux. These plates have identical conductivity. Moreover, the conductivity of the plates is generally different from the p...

It is known that subglottal pressure (Psb) is a major factor in the control of fundamental frequency (Fo) in speech. Yet, the details of this relation remain unclear. Estimates of the Fo to Psb ratio (FPR) from speech and special phonation tasks yield values between 5 and 15 Hz/cmH20 [1,2,3,4]. In another type of experiments pressure variations are induced externally, either subglottally or sup...

orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ofdm) has become a promising method for many wireless communication applications. however, one main drawback of ofdm systems is the high peak-to-average power ratio (papr). selected mapping (slm) is a well-known technique to decrease the problem of high papr in ofdm systems. in this method, transmitter is obliged to send some bits named side informati...