In this work, a new detection method for complete separation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT); 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT); 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT); 2-aminodinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-aminodinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) molecules in high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) with UV sensor has been developed using diol column. This approach improves on cost, time, and sensitivity over the exi...

Two diol-epoxide metabolites of benzo[c]phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons which occur in the environment, were tested for carcinogenicity by direct injection into the mammary fat pads of female CD rats. The compounds anti-3,4-dihydroxy-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[c]phenanthrene (BcPDE), a fjord region diol-epoxide, and anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,1...

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a nonapeptide expressed in several brain regions. In addition to its well-characterized role in osmoregulation, AVP regulates paternal behavior, aggression,circadian rhythms, and the stress response. In the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), AVP gene expression is tightly regulated by gonadal steroid hormones. However, the degree by which AVP is regulated b...

Benzene and 13 potential metabolites were investigated for genotoxicity in Salmonella typhimurium and V79 Chinese hamster cells. In the presence of NADPH-fortified hepatic postmitochondrial fraction (S9 mix), benzene reverted his- S. typhimurium strains. The effect was strongest in strain TA1535. Among the potential metabolites, only the trans-1,2-dihydrodiol, in the presence of S9 mix, and the...

1,3-Butadiene (BD) was carcinogenic in rodents. This effect is related to reactive metabolites such as 1,2-epoxy-3-butene (EB) and especially 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB). A third mutagenic epoxide, 3,4-epoxy-1,2-butanediol (EBD), can be formed from DEB and from 3-butene-1,2-diol (B-diol), the hydrolysis product of EB. In BD exposed rodents, only blood concentrations of EB and DEB have been publ...

The metabolism of environmentally occurring methylated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes has not been examined previously. We compared the metabolism of the tobacco smoke constituents 5-methylchrysene (5-MeC), a strong carcinogen, and 6-MeC, a weak carcinogen, in 18 hepatic and 11 pulmonary human microsomes. Major metabolites of 5-MeC were its proximate c...

A large-scale synthesis of meso-2,3-difluoro-1,4-butanediol in 5 steps from (Z)-but-2-enediol is described. Crystallographic analysis of the diol and the corresponding benzyl ether reveals an anti conformation of the vicinal difluoride moiety. Monosilylation of the diol is high-yielding but all attempts to achieve chain extension through addition of alkyl Grignard and acetylide nucleophiles fai...

An asymmetric route for the synthesis of highly functionalized 2,3-epoxy-syn-1,4cyclohexane diol derivatives present in some polyketide natural products has been developed. The key step involves RCM of an appropriately constructed 1,7-dienol derived from D-mannitol to cyclohexane1,4-diol followed by its stereoselective epoxidation.

Two long-chain ascarosides, O-ascarosylnonacosane-2,28-diol and O-ascarosyluntriacontane-2,30-diol, were isolated from Caenorhabditis elegans and detected in all developmental stages of the worm. The long-chain ascarosides were shown to be minor lipid components, and it was also shown that they do not induce dauer larva formation.

[reaction: see text]. Facial selectivity in the addition of boron enolates of alpha-oxygenated ketones to anti-disposed alpha,beta-bisalkoxy aldehydes is controlled by the aldehyde vicinal diol protecting group. Protection of the diol as an acetonide results in the exclusive formation of the anti-syn-anti stereoarray found in the C(33)-C(36) region of aflastatin A.