The quality of adaptive treatment planning depends on the accuracy of its underlying deformable image registration (DIR). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of two DIR algorithms, B-spline-based deformable multipass (DMP) and deformable demons (Demons), implemented in a commercial software package. Evaluations were conducted using both computational and physical deformable...

W hen we talk among ourselves about our business, we use lots of abbreviations and acronyms. We take a lot of things for granted. To understand what I’m talking about all you need to do is try to explain how you get paid to somebody. AWP, WAC, discount, PBM, RA, EOB, DIR, copay, insured amount, rebate, clawback, etc. This is the barrier we face when talking to legislators. We are in a complicat...

A new world, digital image ratio (DIR), has been developed for directly measuring changes in alveolar bone. The image on the computer monitor represents the relative mass change between two radiographs. Fourier filtering is used to reduce noise artefacts. This method is validated through an experiment with a step wedge. DIR needs only a preliminary calibration of the experimental conditions of ...

Microbial dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) is widespread in anaerobic sediments and is a key producer of aqueous Fe(II) in suboxic sediments that contain reactive ferric oxides. Previous studies have shown that DIR produces some of the largest natural fractionations of stable Fe isotopes, although the mechanism of this isotopic fractionation is not yet well understood. Here we compare Fe isot...

Abstract. In this note we revisit Almgren’s theory of Q-valued functions, that are functions taking values in the space AQ(R) of unorderedQ-tuples of points in R. In particular: • we give shorter versions of Almgren’s proofs of the existence of Dir-minimizing Qvalued functions, of their Hölder regularity and of the dimension estimate of their singular set; • we propose an alternative intrinsic ...

Abstract. In this note we revisit Almgren’s theory of Q-valued functions, that are functions taking values in the space AQ(R) of unorderedQ-tuples of points in R. In particular: • we give shorter versions of Almgren’s proofs of the existence of Dir-minimizing Qvalued functions, of their Hölder regularity and of the dimension estimate of their singular set; • we propose an alternative intrinsic ...

The Man in the White Suit (TMITWS) is rarely mentioned in relation to design practice, beyond its relevance to “smart fabrics,” but every design professional should see this cautionary tale of an individual battling an industry. [1] The film‟s obsessive protagonist, Sidney Stratton (Alec Guinness) works as a cleaner at Corland textile mill while secretly pursuing chemical experiments. Upon disc...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance variations in commercial deformable image registration (DIR) tools for adaptive radiation therapy and further to interpret the differences using clinically available terms. Three clinical examples (prostate, head and neck (HN), and cranial spinal irradiation (CSI) with L-spine boost) were evaluated in this study. Firstly, computerized def...

The most notable trend in the sedimentary iron isotope record is a shift at the end of the Archean from highly variable δ56 Fe values with large negative excursions to less variable δ56 Fe values with more limited negative values. The mechanistic explanation behind this trend has been extensively debated, with two main competing hypotheses: (i) a shift in marine redox conditions and the transit...

Introduction: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is widely used for its improved conspicuity of long T2 lesions by suppressing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Concerns remain, however, that the IR imparts T1 weighting that can decrease detectability and lead to mischaracterization of some lesions. Frequently both T2 and FLAIR images are acquired in clinical protocols to guard against these ...