Directed evolution, which is also called molecular evolution, or artificial evolution, combines random mutagenesis and directed selection. In previous studies, it has been extensively applied for the improvement of enzyme catalytic properties and stability, as well as the expanding of substrate specificity. In recent years, directed evolution was also employed in metabolic engineering of promot...

Natural evolution has produced a great diversity of proteins that can be harnessed for numerous applications in biotechnology and pharmaceutical science. Commonly, specific applications require proteins to be tailored by protein engineering. Directed evolution is a type of protein engineering that yields proteins with the desired properties under well-defined conditions and in a practical time ...