Br J Sports Med 2011;45:478–491. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.080937 478 Accepted 2 March 2011 ABSTRACT Background Valid, reliable and responsive Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) questionnaires for young to middle-aged, physically active individuals with hip and groin pain are lacking. Objective To develop and validate a new PRO in accordance with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of healt...

DNA polymerases catalyze the synthesis of DNA using a continuous uninterrupted template strand. However, it has been shown that a 3'-->5' exonuclease-deficient form of the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I as well as DNA polymerase of Thermus aquaticus can synthesize DNA across two unlinked DNA templates. In this study, we used an oligonucleotide-based assay to show that disc...

Intuitively, discontinuous changes can be seen as very rapid continuous changes. A couple of alternative methods based on this ontology are presented and compared. One, called the approximation method, approximates discontinuous change by continuous function and then calculates a limit. The other, called the direct method, directly creates a chain of hypothetical intermediate states (mythical i...

We study discontinuous Galerkin methods for solving elliptic variational inequalities, of both the first and second kinds. Analysis of numerous discontinuous Galerkin schemes for elliptic boundary value problems is extended to the variational inequalities. We establish a priori error estimates for the discontinuous Galerkin methods, which reach optimal order for linear elements. Results from so...

Studies in which data from multiple patients are collected per clinician or per practice are becoming common in primary care research, particularly with the increase of studies conducted in practicebased research networks. These studies generate data that are clustered. A special case of clustered data is an intervention study where clinicians or practices are randomized into an intervention or...

We investigated accumulation of elements (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Pb, and Zn) in leaves of different ages for 11 evergreen woody plant species from serpentine soils of New Caledonia. Species were classifi ed into four categories of Ni accumulation ability: one species was a non-accumulator (<100 mg Ni/ kg), three were accumulators (100–1000 mg Ni/kg), two were hyperaccumulators (1000–...

Background and objectives: Soluble components are increasingly analyzed in induced sputum supernatant. However, only a few studies have measured total or specifi c immunoglobulin (Ig) E in sputum and none have attempted to validate it. We aim to validate laboratory measurements of total and specifi c IgE in induced sputum supernatant and to evaluate the infl uence of sputum processing with dith...

This article introduces a novel transition system for discontinuous lexicalized constituent parsing called SR-GAP. It is an extension of the shift-reduce algorithm with an additional gap transition. Evaluation on two German treebanks shows that SR-GAP outperforms the previous best transitionbased discontinuous parser (Maier, 2015) by a large margin (it is notably twice as accurate on the predic...

Let M be a manifold, on which a real reductive Lie group G acts transitively. The action of a discrete subgroup Γ on M is not always properly discontinuous. In this paper, we give a criterion for properly discontinuous actions, which generalizes our previous work [6] for an analogous problem in the continuous setting. Furthermore, we introduce the discontinuous dual t(H:G) of a subset H of G , ...

Failures of road embankments on discontinuous permafrost commonly occur during thawing of the foundation soil. As an approximation, weak zones created by thawing of discontinuous permafrost can be considered as ‘voids’ within the foundation. Geosynthetic reinforcements have been used to bridge these ‘voids’ and provide support to the embankment fill. This paper presents results of a numerical i...