This paper presents an overview of slow light in semiconductor heterostructures. The focus of this paper is to provide a unified framework to summarize and compare various physical mechanisms of slow light proposed and demonstrated in the past few years. We expand and generalize the discussions on fundamental limitation of slow light and the delay–bandwidth product trade-off to include gain sys...

We report the fabrication of an all-solid highly nonlinear microstructured optical fiber. The structured preform was made by glass extrusion using two types of commercial lead silicate glasses that provide high index-contrast. Effectively single-moded guidance was observed in the fiber at 1.55 microm. The effective nonlinearity and the propagation loss at this wavelength were measured to be 120...

In this study, field investigation is made by means of videotapes which record traffic flows at several locations on two links in Changchun City, China. After processing the data, traffic flows at each location and vehicle speed distributions on different links are obtained for the platoon dispersion process. The platoon dispersion patterns from the observations are compared with those provided...

During childhood, brain structure and function changes substantially. Recently, graph theory has been introduced to model connectivity in the brain. Small-world networks, such as the brain, combine optimal properties of both ordered and random networks, i.e., high clustering and short path lengths. We used graph theoretical concepts to examine changes in functional brain networks during normal ...

Lagrangian integral scales, diffusivities, dispersion and velocity spectra are calculated using surface drifter trajectories in the central North Pacific. The meridional integral time scale is relatively homogeneous throughout the region; a large increase in the zonal time and length scales south of Hawaii is attributed to meanders in the North Equatorial Current. Except in this current, the in...

We study the time and length scales of hydrodynamic dispersion in confined monodisperse sphere packings as a function of the conduit geometry. By a modified Jodrey-Tory algorithm, we generated packings at a bed porosity (interstitial void fraction) of ε=0.40 in conduits with circular, rectangular, or semicircular cross section of area 100πd(p)(2) (where d(p) is the sphere diameter) and dimensio...

Suppressing or mitigating signal distortion due to group velocity dispersion and optical Kerr effects is necessary in ultrahigh speed and long-haul wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems. Dispersion management (DM), optical phase conjugation (OPC), and the combination of these two are promising techniques to compensate for signal distortion. In this paper, to implement a fl...

Pull-out fracture of lag-screw bolt is brittle and has a large dispersion in strength. therefore, the bucking pipe preceding pull-out controls strength toughness joint. The sandwiched between bolts fixed to base plate. method little dispersion, can be controlled by adjusting thickness length effect was confirmed experiments. it also that once maximum load reached, restored exchanging pipe.

Chromatic dispersion from optical fiber is the most important problem that produces temporal skews and destroys the rectangular structure of code patterns in the spectra-amplitude-coding-based optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) system. Thus, the balance detection scheme does not work perfectly to cancel multiple access interference (MAI) and the system performance will be degrade...

Abstract In high dispersion spectra of rotating bodies such as stars and planets, the rotation contributes significantly to, sometimes dominates, line broadening. We present a simple method for rotationally broadening large wavelength ranges high-dispersion spectra. The is rapid scales linearly with length spectrum array. For ranges, much faster than popular convolution-based provide code imple...