Firm-level, revenue-based productivity measures are ubiquitous in studies of firm dynamics and aggregate outcomes. One common measure is increasingly interpreted as reflecting “distortions” since distortions’ absence, equalization marginal revenue products should yield no dispersion this measure. Another but distinct the residual firm-level function, which reflects “fundamentals.” Using micro-l...

The emergent properties that arise from self-assembly and molecular recognition phenomena are a direct consequence of non-covalent interactions. Gas-phase measurements and computational methods point to the dominance of dispersion forces in molecular association, but solvent effects complicate the unambiguous quantification of these forces in solution. Here, we have used synthetic molecular bal...

The measure of delayed ventricular repolarization most frequently used clinically is the ability of the new chemical entity to prolong the QTc interval on surface electrocardiogram. Intramyocardial dispersion of repolarization appears to play a more important role both in electrical stability of the ventricles and in arrhythmogenesis. The potential importance of myocardial dispersion of refract...

To elucidate the three-way relationship among a crystal’s structure, its phonon dispersion characteristics, and its thermal conductivity, an analysis is conducted on layered diatomic Lennard-Jones crystals with various mass ratios. Lattice dynamics theory and molecular dynamics simulations are used to predict the phonon dispersion curves and the thermal conductivity. The layered structure gener...

Aerosol bolus dispersion is a physiological test of lungs, which uses monodisperse submicron particles to measure intrapulmonary convective gas mixing. In this study, aerosol bolus dispersion was measured in healthy subjects in order to assess reference values for possible clinical applications, to assess the reproducibility of these values, and to identify physical and physiological factors in...

In this contribution we examine the interrelation between the distribution of intra-firm wage increases and firm performance. Previous studies have focused on the dispersion of wage levels in order to examine for the empirical dominance of positive monetary incentive effects compared to adverse effects due to fairness considerations. We argue that the dispersion of wage increases rather than wa...

The equitable dispersion problem consists in selecting a subset of elements from a given set in such a way that a measure of dispersion is maximized. In particular, we target the max-mean dispersion model in which the average distance between the selected elements is maximized. We first review previous methods and mathematical formulations for this and related dispersion problems and then propo...

Sensitivity analyses for mass transport model in porous media were performed by using adjoint method. The mass transport model employed is to evaluate the performance of engineered barrier of shallow land disposal, assuming that water flows through a cylinder packed with sand. In this model instantaneous sorption equilibrium between liquid and solid phases is assumed and two types of boundary c...

Observations with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer and the Jodrell Bank, Parkes, and Green Bank telescopes have enabled us to determine the time delay between radio and X-ray pulses in the two isolated pulsars B1821?24 and B1509?58. For the former { 2 { we nd that the narrow X-ray and radio pulse components are close to being coincident in time, with the radio peak leading by 0.02 period (60 20s...

An accurate estimate of the divergence time between Native Americans is important for understanding the initial entry and early dispersion of human beings in the New World. Current methods for estimating the genetic divergence time of populations could seriously depart from a linear relationship with the true divergence for multiple populations of a different population size and significant pop...