Funding: Acknowledgements. The authors would also like to thank the referee for their very careful and thorough reading of paper. This publication is in part a product visit first third author Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, Germany December 2016 as Research In Pairs program. was partially supported by NSF grants DMS–1600635 DMS-1854367.

This article provides an exposition of some recent developments in nonparametric inference on manifolds, along with a brief account of an emerging theory on data analysis on stratified spaces. Much of the theory is developed around the notion of Fréceht means with applications, for the most part, to landmark based shape spaces. A number of applications are illustrated with real data in such are...

Phytoplankton is known to be a key element in the production and eventual oceanic effiux of dimethyl suffide (DMS) to the atmosphere. We hypothesized that the alternation of Phaeocystis pouchetii and diatoms, the two major algal components of the spring bloom, would modulate the input of partictfiate organic sulfur (POS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and DMS into the mixed layer of the ma...

Recent field work suggests an important rôle for the Arctic Ocean in the global budget of dimethylsulphide (DMS), a climatically active volatile sulphur compound. Here, we have used an existing DMS production model and local field data to examine the temporal dynamics of the DMS cycle during the spring bloom in the Arctic shelf of the Barents Sea. The timing and duration of the spring phytoplan...

We found previously that acute ex vivo as well as repeated cycles of in vivo ethanol exposure and withdrawal, including excessive voluntary consumption of ethanol, produces a long-lasting increase in the activity of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors (NR2B-NMDARs) in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) of rats (Wang et al., 2010a). Activation of NMDARs is required for the induction of long-term potentia...

[1] Dimethylsulphide (DMS) is a climatically important component of global biogeochemical cycles, through its role in the sulphur cycle. Changes in ultraviolet radiation (UV) exhibit both positive and negative forcings on the dynamics of production and turnover of DMS and its precursor dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP). In this study we investigate the net forcing of UV on atmospheric DMS. The...

The fuzzy preference framework of Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR), handling both crisp and fuzzy preferences of decision makers (DMs), is capable of calculating and predicting different conflict resolutions (equilibria) according to DMs’ different satisficing criteria. Employing this methodology, a water contamination conflict occurs at the boundary of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces ...

During their long-distance migrations, sea turtles of several species feed on jellyfish and other invertebrates that are particularly abundant in ocean regions characterized by high productivity. An ability to distinguish productive oceanic regions from other areas, and to concentrate foraging activities in locations where prey density is highest, might therefore be adaptive. The volatile compo...

Productive areas are patchily distributed at sea and represent important feeding grounds for many marine organisms. Although pinnipeds are known to travel on direct routes and return regularly to particular feeding sites, the environmental information seals use to perform this navigation is as yet unknown. As atmospheric dimethyl sulphide (DMS) has been demonstrated to be a reliable indicator f...

Breeding Spheniscus penguins are central place foragers that feed primarily on schooling pelagic fish. They are visual hunters, but it is unclear how they locate prey patches on a coarse scale. Many petrels and storm petrels (Procellariiformes), the penguins' closest relatives, use olfactory cues to locate prey concentrations at sea, but this has not been demonstrated for penguins. Procellariif...