Auditory feedback from the animal's own voice is essential during bat echolocation: to optimize signal detection, bats continuously adjust various call parameters in response to changing echo signals. Auditory feedback seems also necessary for controlling many bat communication calls, although it remains unclear how auditory feedback control differs in echolocation and communication. We tackled...

Although there has been a great deal of research on the structure and function of echolocation calls used for foraging and commuting, relatively little research has been conducted on the communication functions of bat vocalizations (Pfalzer and Kusch, 2003). In addition to echolocation calls, bats produce social calls which differ from echolocation calls in structure and function (Fenton, 2003)...

Field research on echolocation behavior in bats has emphasized studies of food acquisition, and the adaptive value of sonar signal design as been considered largely in the context of foraging. However, echolocation tasks related to spatial orientation also differ among bats and are relevant to understanding signal structure. Here, we argue that the evolution of echolocation in bats is character...

Several studies have shown that blind humans can gather spatial information through echolocation. However, when localizing sound sources, the precedence effect suppresses spatial information of echoes, and thereby conflicts with effective echolocation. This study investigates the interaction of echolocation and echo suppression in terms of discrimination suppression in virtual acoustic space. I...

Toothed whales and two groups of bats independently acquired echolocation, the ability to locate and identify objects by reflected sound. Echolocation requires physiologically complex and coordinated vocal, auditory, and neural functions, but the molecular basis of the capacity for echolocation is not well understood. A recent study suggested that convergent amino acid substitutions widespread ...

in their length can quantitatively explain the dynamic range of all helical and non-helical cell geometries. The purified, detergent insoluble cytoskeleton complex from spiroplasmas contains over ten proteins, the main one being a 59 kDa product of the fib gene with no known prokaryotic or eukaryotic homologs. Infectivity in spiroplasmas is governed by an unusual lipoprotein, spiralin, which co...

A description of the Dolphin D330 Cluster Adapter Card and its main components and features will be given. The focus will be on the differences between the previous D320 and the new D330.

Laryngeally echolocating bats avoid self-deafening (forward masking) by separating pulse and echo either in time using low duty cycle (LDC) echolocation, or in frequency using high duty cycle (HDC) echolocation. HDC echolocators are specialized to detect fluttering targets in cluttered environments. HDC echolocation is found only in the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae in the Old World...