[1] The latest Hadley Centre climate model, HadGEM2‐ES, includes Earth system components such as interactive chemistry and eight species of tropospheric aerosols. It has been run for the period 1860–2100 in support of the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Anthropogenic aerosol emissions peak between 1980 and 2020, resulting in a present‐day all‐sky top of the atm...

In this paper, we introduce the usage of a newly developed spectral decomposition technique – combined maximum covariance analysis (CMCA) – in the spatiotemporal comparison of four satellite data sets and groundbased observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD). This technique is based on commonly used principal component analysis (PCA) and maximum covariance analysis (MCA). By decomposing the c...

[1] A model that predicts secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation based on the thermodynamic equilibrium partitioning of secondary organic oxidation products has been developed for implementation into atmospheric models. Hydrophobic secondary products are assumed to partition to an absorbing organic aerosol consisting of primary organic aerosol (POA) and other secondary hydrophobic organics a...

Infection of mice with Mycobacterium avium or immunization with a novel PE gene expressed by M. avium (MaPE) showed that a dominant T-cell immune response was elicited. Immunization with an MaPE DNA vaccine protected mice against an aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggesting that mycobacteria express PE antigens with cross-protective T-cell epitopes.

The mitigation of air pollution in megacities remains a great challenge because of the complex sources and formation mechanisms of aerosol particles. The 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Beijing serves as a unique experiment to study the impacts of emission controls on aerosol composition, size distributions, and oxidation properties. Herein, a high-resolution time-of-fli...

Nanoparticle emissions from transport are of considerable importance because their dominance in terms particle number concentration most urban atmospheres. Nanoparticles may carry toxic substances, posing a serious threat to pedestrians, passengers and residents. The road sector has been studied intensively both academia industry knowledge already gathered. Shipping is also significant source n...

Aerosol drugs are usually delivered to the lung by inhalation via the oral route, since aerosol deposition is much lower in the oral than in nasal airways. In the present study a practical, non-CFD-based, mechanistic model is developed, which permits an efficient calculation of deposition along the oral route with simple computational means. A simplified geometrical description of the mouth and...

A kinetic mechanism to predict secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photo-oxidation of toluene was developed. Aerosol phase chemistry that includes nucleation, gas–particle partitioning and particle-phase reactions as well as the gas-phase chemistry of toluene and its degradation products were represented. The mechanism was evaluated against experimental data obtained from the Uni...

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO3) is investigated in the Caltech indoor chambers. Experiments are performed in the dark and under dry conditions (RH<10%) using N2O5 as a source of NO3 radicals. For an initial isoprene concentration of 18.4 to 101.6 ppb, the SOA yield (defined as the ratio of the mass of organic aerosol formed to ...

[1] One year (December 2003 to November 2004) of Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) data over the open ocean are used in conjunction with the Goddard Chemistry Transport Model (GOCART) to characterize differing aerosol types as a function of satellite observable parameters...