In plants, RNA silencing can be induced by highly transcribed sense transgenes (S-PTGS) or by transgene loci producing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) due to the presence of inverted repeats (IR-PTGS). Both phenomena correlate with accumulation of 21-25 nt sense and anti-sense RNA homologous to the silent gene and with methylation of the coding sequence. We have challenged IR-PTGS with four viruses...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia are frequently co-occurring disorders. Although methylphenidate (MPH) is the primary treatment for ADHD, the effect on reading in children with these comorbid problems is not yet known. This study was an unblinded clinical trial to evaluate the reading performance before and after treatment with MPH. Reading performance was compared w...

In an experimental double-blind placebo study of 18 subjects (mean age 26.2 years), we investigated the effect of three blood alcohol concentrations (0.0%, 0.05% and 0.1%) on five visuomotor reading parameters: (1) number of eye fixations per 100 words read; (2) the number of words read per minute; (3) the number of regressions per 100 words read; (4) the saccadic length; (5) the duration of ey...

Within the scope of the SPACE project, the CHildren’s Oral REading Corpus (CHOREC) is developed. This database contains recorded, transcribed and annotated read speech (42 GB or 130 hours) of 400 Dutch speaking elementary school children with or without reading difficulties. Analyses of interand intra-annotator agreement are carried out in order to investigate the consistency with which reading...

The majority of work on the double-deficit hypothesis (DDH) of dyslexia has been done at the letter and word levels of reading. Key research questions addressed in this study are (a) do readers with different subtypes of dyslexia display differences in fluency at particular reading levels (e.g., letter, word, and connected text)? and (b) do children with dyslexia identified by either low-achiev...

The crisis of neoliberal globalization has led many scholars back to Karl Polanyi in their search for alternatives to the present malaise. The dominant reading appropriates the concepts of embeddedness and the double movement in support of a system of regulated, welfare-state capitalism. This article contends, however, that the concepts of embeddedness and the double movement point not towards ...

Case Report A male Hindu doctor aged 28 years reported on October 10, 1962, with the complaint of difficulty in reading (the letters appearing mixed together after reading for some time) for the past 8 years. He had had many pairs of spectacles, all for compound hypermetropia, without relief of symptoms. About 6 years ago, he had been advised to do convergence exercises, first looking at a dist...

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this maurice wilkins the third man of the double helix an autobiography, how can you bargain...

Italian negation displays a well-known contrast between preverbal and post-verbal n-words: while the preverbal adverb non does not co-occur with preverbal n-words with single negation reading (SN), it is obligatory with post-verbal ones. The two negations co-occur in (1c) with a double negation reading (DN), where non is (preferably) stressed. (1)a. Nessuno viene / *Nessuno non viene (Nobody is...