This study aimed to determine whether the fatigue induced by a mountain ultramarathon (MUM) led to changes in energy cost and kinematic during level and graded running. Pre- and post-race, 14 ultratrail runners ran on a level, uphill (5%) and downhill (5%) treadmill at 10 km · h(-1). Kinematic data were acquired using a photocell system. Post-race, the downhill energy cost increased by 13.1% (P...

Companies know the amount of profit they make, but may not know whether they are operating on the uphill side or downhill side of the profit function with respect to each marketing investment variable. We first identify the risks of an uphill-located firm acting as if it were a downhill-located firm. Then, we develop a diagnostic tool to infer a company’s type based on its location on the profi...

In level running, humans and other animals store and recover elastic energy during each step. What role does elastic energy play during downhill and uphill running? We measured the fluctuations of the mechanical energy of the center of mass (CoM) of 15 human participants running at 3 m s(-1) on the level, downhill and uphill on a force-measuring treadmill mounted at 3, 6 and 9 deg. In level run...

To utilize the rat spinotrapezius muscle as a model to investigate the microcirculatory consequences of exercise training, it is necessary to design an exercise protocol that recruits this muscle. There is evidence that the spinotrapezius is derecruited during standard treadmill exercise protocols performed on the uphill treadmill (i.e., 6 degrees incline). This investigation tested the hypothe...

Kano, Yutaka, Danielle Padilla, K. Sue Hageman, David C. Poole, and Timothy I. Musch. Downhill running: a model of exercise hyperemia in the rat spinotrapezius muscle. J Appl Physiol 97: 1138–1142, 2004. First published May 7, 2004; 10.1152/japplphysiol. 00334.2004.—To utilize the rat spinotrapezius muscle as a model to investigate the microcirculatory consequences of exercise training, it is n...

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to significantly improve gait dynamics for individuals suffering from severe osteoarthritis(1). However, previous research has limited gait analysis for TKA patients to level surfaces. Gait analysis among young, healthy individuals has shown that lower limb mechanics change as individuals move from level to inclined walking surfaces, wi...

During aging, chronic systemic inflammation increases in prevalence and antioxidant balance shifts in favor of oxidant generation. Avenanthramide (AVA) is a group of oat phenolics that have shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capability. The present study investigated whether dietary supplementation of avenanthramides (AVA) in oats would increase antioxidant protection and reduce inflammati...