BACKGROUND Tonic inward and downward deviation of the eyes ("peering at the tip of the nose") is regarded as a unique feature of thalamic hemorrhage, but the mechanisms of this ocular finding remain obscure. OBJECTIVES To describe 4 patients who showed tonic inward and downward deviation of the eyes from brainstem or thalamic lesions and to discuss the possible mechanisms involved. DESIGN C...

mer's disease in kindreds with missense mutations in a gene on chromosome 1 related to the Alzheimer's disease type 3 gene. Estimation of the genetic contribution of presenilin-1 and-2 mutations in a population-based study of presenile Alzheimer disease. High prevalence of pathogenic mutations in patients with early-onset dementia detected by sequence analyses of four different genes. mutation ...

Whipple's disease, a rare systemic infectious disorder, is complicated by the involvement of the central nervous system in about 5% of cases. Oscillations of the eyes and the jaw, called oculo-masticatory myorhythmia, are pathognomonic of the central nervous system involvement but are often absent. Typical manifestations of the central nervous system Whipple's disease are cognitive impairment, ...

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a disease of later life that is currently regarded as a form of neurodegenerative tauopathy. Disturbance of gaze is a cardinal clinical feature of PSP that often helps clinicians to establish the diagnosis. Since the neurobiology of gaze control is now well understood, it is possible to use eye movements as investigational tools to understand aspects of t...

Patients with Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis The recent report in AJNR by dos Santos et al shows a case of MR imaging features in a child with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis. This rare disorder has recently been shown by Jen et al to be secondary to defective brain stem crossing of descending corticospinal and somatosensory axons due to mutations in the ROBO3...

1. Wall M, Wray SH. The one and a half syndrome, a unilateral disorder of pontine tegmentum: a study of 20 cases and review of the literature. Neurology. 1983;33:971—80. 2. Bourre B, Collongues N, Bouyon M, Aupy J, Blanc F, Speeg C, et al. A case of bilateral horizontal gaze ophthalmoplegia: the 1 + 1 syndrome. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2010;166:1028—31. 3. Tan E, Kansu T. Bilateral horizontal gaze p...

Electrical microstimulation and single-unit recording have suggested that a group of long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs) in the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) just lateral to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) (the peri-INC MRF, piMRF) may play a role in the generation of vertical rapid eye movements. Inactivation of this region with muscimol (a GABA(A) agonist) rapidly produced verti...

A 61-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) with painless diplopia, left-ptosis, and left downward gaze, 3 days after sustaining a fall from standing height with subsequent lumbar and head trauma. Prior to the ED consult, his only symptom was persistent generalized high intensity headache. On physical examination, no other neurological deficit was found. Computed tomography (C...

PURPOSE To examine the symmetry of corneal changes following near work in the fellow eyes of non-amblyopic myopic anisometropes. METHODS Thirty-four non-amblyopic, myopic anisometropes (minimum 1 D spherical equivalent anisometropia) had corneal topography measured before and after a controlled near work task. Subjects were positioned in a headrest to minimise head movements and read continuo...