This study examined the use of hot-air drying in the preparation of pumpkin powder. The drying temperature was varied (50, 60 and 70°C) to determine the effect of temperature on physicochemical properties, powder properties and sorption characteristics of pumpkin powders. The results showed that a drying temperature of 70°C removes moisture from pumpkin slices faster than the lower drying tempe...

Freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa can be used for normal embryonic development after injection into oocytes, thus indicating that freeze-drying is a useful method for the storage and transportation of genetic materials from animals. We recently reported that storage of freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa requires maintenance at temperatures lower than -80 C for long-term preservation and a pressure of ...

The effects of glass transition of, and protein conformation in, the dried solid on the storage stability of freeze-dried recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) were examined. Glass transition is a temperature-dependent phenomenon. Amorphous materials become hard and brittle at temperatures below their characteristic glass transition temperatures (Tg) such that diffusion...

In situ degradabilities were determined for some commonly used grains and by-product feeds in dairy cattle rations. Ingredients evaluated were barley, shelled corn, soybean meal, brewers dried grains, corn gluten feed, distillers dried grains, soybean hulls, and wheat middlings. In situ studies were conducted in three rumen-fistulated Holstein cows. Cows were fed a total mixed Ž . rations conta...

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to prepare inhalable co-spray dried powders of salmon calcitonin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (sCT-CS-NPs) with mannitol and investigate pulmonary absorption in rats. METHODS The sCT-CS-NPs were prepared by the ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking polyion. Inhalable dry powders were obtained by co-spray drying a...

The differences in water absorption properties were investigated among three types of flat pastas (LT: pasta dried at low temperature 50°C for 20 hours ; HT: pasta dried at high temperature 70°C for 11 hours; VHT: pasta dried at very high temperature 85°C for 4 hours). Pastas were soaked at different temperatures and for different times in a thermostatic bath to investigate moisture distributio...

Dried urine spot testing for hormones and their metabolites is an area of recent commercial and diagnostic interest within the medical community and general public. Proponents of dried urine testing claim to provide total and diurnal rhythm type hormone measurements using a 4-sample collection regimen of urine collected then dried on filter paper. The timing of sample collection is generally se...

A new method for milk sample collection and storage, based on a dried milk sampling technique, is proposed. The method includes application of a whole milk sample to a porous membrane followed by drying. One hundred whole milk samples (dried and liquid) taken on day 21 post insemination were analysed for progesterone by ELISA and results for both dried and liquid samples were well correlated (r...

Pigs were weaned at 16 to 20 days of age and fed diets containing either dried whey, dried porcine solubles (DPS), or condensed porcine solubles (CPS) for 3 weeks, followed by a common diet for 2 weeks. The results of the trial showed that 5% of either DPS or CPS can replace dried whey protein in diets for weanling with no effect on growth performance up to 5 weeks after weaning

At present it is necessary to use animals to generate toxicokinetic data as part of preclinical safety studies. However, ethical standards require animal use to be carefully monitored and the principles of the 3Rs: replacement, reduction and refinement, to be considered and applied. Use of dried blood spot (DBS) samples, typically 10 to 20 µl, rather than the larger blood volumes required to ob...