Hygienic and epidemiological investigations were conducted in 100 villages in order to quantify the relationship between bacterially contaminated drinking water and morbidity from abdominal typhoid, dysentery and viral hepatitis. Villages were divided into three groups: (a) those with bacterially contaminated waters and water borne epidemic outbreaks; (b) those with bacterially contaminated wat...

Analysis of zinc (In) cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in drinking and irrigation waters by potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) is described. The pH and EC of waters were also determined. The results for zinc and copper were compared with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) which indicated a significantly (P<0.01) strong correlation (r = 0.994 and 0.984 for In...

Sewage treatment plant effluents were surveyed for viral contributions to gastroenteritis outbreaks in Puerto Rico. Of the 15 sewage treatment plants studied, all discharged their effluents upstream from water treatment plant intakes. No base-line data on the degree of viral challenge to these sewage treatment plants or the subsequent reduction of viruses before discharge existed. Enterovirus c...

omplex mixtures of disinfection by-products are formed in drinking waters when chlorine is used as disinfectant, among which are found trihalomethanes. trihalomethanes are very stable in the natural environment and are moderately lipophilic. thus they accumulate in the human organism, which may be related to a greater risk of certain cancers.the objective of this study is to investigate the ass...

INTRODUCTION Water-borne diseases constitute a major health burden in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to assess the overall quality of mineral water samples that obtained from different shops of Dhaka city. MATERIAL AND METHODS To achieve the above-mentioned objective, methods of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and total coliform count (TCC) were applied. Moreover, isolated colony...

The debate surrounding the safety of shale gas development in the Appalachian Basin has generated increased awareness of drinking water quality in rural communities. Concerns include the potential for migration of stray gas, metal-rich formation brines, and hydraulic fracturing and/or flowback fluids to drinking water aquifers. A critical question common to these environmental risks is the hydr...

A large-scale pilot distribution study was conducted to investigate the impacts of blending different source waters on distribution water qualities, with an emphasis on metal release (i.e. corrosion). The principal source waters investigated were conventionally treated ground water (G1), surface water processed by enhanced treatment (S1), and desalted seawater by reverse osmosis membranes (RO)....

Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) were investigated as a source of iodine in the formation of iodo-trihalomethane (iodo-THM) and iodo-acid disinfection by-products (DBPs), both of which are highly genotoxic and/or cytotoxic in mammalian cells. ICM are widely used at medical centers to enable medical imaging of soft tissues (e.g., organs, veins, blood vessels), they are almost completely excr...

background: it is considered that if radon gas is inhaled and ingested, it is the primary health risks for lung and stomach cancers. this paper presents the measurement results of radon activity concentrations both residential tap water and dam water for kastamonu city centre-turkey. materials and methods: the radon activity concentrations of water samples collected from 60 tap waters at four l...

minoodasht which is located 18 km. far from the east of gonbad-kaboos, is one of the most important agricultural areas of iran. a great development in the agriculture of this area has been achieved by drilling wells, building canals, constructing the dams and also irrigation of the farms by pump. for determination of the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters from different sources...