background: at the present time, teaching pharmacology for medical students mainly focuses on the basic principles of pharmacology. this study was conducted to assess the current situation of pharmacology teaching and the necessity of developing clinical pharmacology from the viewpoint of medical interns and externs in tabriz university of medical sciences. methods: this descriptive cross-secti...

BACKGROUND Clarithromycin was used to treat lower respiratory tract infection in several developmentally disabled men who were also taking carbamazepine for seizure disorder. METHODS We studied retrospectively the use of clarithromycin in 5 patients taking carbamazepine. Because a drug interaction was suspected, the carbamazepine dosage was decreased during treatment, and serum levels were me...

OBJECTIVE To assess the drug prescription service in a dental clinic of a Mexican university hospital. METHOD An observational, descriptive study was carried out which analysed 698 drugs prescribed for dental problems in 14 dental health care departments in our clinic between the period of January-June 2005. The following criteria were established: prescribed drug, indication, dosage, dosage ...

Mucoadhesive delivery systems offer several advantages over other oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence time of drug, its targeting, and localization of the dosage form at a specific site. These advantages include bypass of first pass metabolism of the drug and hence more concentration of the drug is available for absorption. Mucoadhesion occurs between two surf...

The purpose of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to compile the recent literature with special focus on the types of floating drug delivery systems, principal and mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention. Drug delivery systems are those that float immediately upon contact with gastric fluids present promising approaches for increasing the bioavailabili...

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to determine the diffusion rate of a drug from a semisolid dosage form using different membranes and to explore a membrane and to find out the comparative membrane identical to human skin with respect to diffusion rate of the drug from the selected dosage form. In the present study, Franz cell was used to carry out the diffusion study through fuzzy rat ...

In present times, the pelletization technologies are giving much attention as they represent an efficient pathway for manufacture of new drug delivery system .It has good advantage over the conventional dosage form. Pelletization technique help in the formation of spherical beads or pellets having a diameter 0.5 -1.5 mm which can be eventually coated for preparation of modified release dosage f...

The development of topical anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) microbicides may provide women with strategies to protect themselves against sexual HIV transmission. Pericoital drug delivery systems intended for use immediately before sex, such as microbicide gels, must deliver high drug doses for maximal effectiveness. The goal of achieving a high antiretroviral dose is complicated by the n...

Pharmacokinetic studies are an integrated part of the development program of a new drug. They are intended to define the time course of drug and major metabolite concentrations in plasma and other biological fluids in order to obtain information on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. In preclinical studies, pharmacokinetics (PK) is often used to interpret toxicological result...

Oral drug delivery route is the most preferable route of drug delivery. It is due to various advantages of this route like ease of administration, patient compliance and flexibility in the formulations. Oral dosage form has really progressed from immediate release to site-specific delivery. The recent scientific and patented literature concluded that an increased interest in novel dosage forms ...