inject liquid formulation technology (1), the need arose for a process whereby large quantities of highly polished spherical glass microspheres of known density could be manufactured. The process needed to be inexpensive, scalable, GMP-compliant and capable of sterile manufacture for parenteral drugs. Methods such as emulsion drying, freeze drying and spray-freeze drying were all investigated, ...

Wood drying quality and transversal permeability of Chilean second-growth Nothofagus alpina (raulí) were evaluated. Two charges of raulí sawnwood were dried in a experimental kiln. One of the charges was prepared with sawnwood from Pinto the second one was prepared with sawnwood from Collipulli. The transverse permeability to air of the material after drying was determined. The results showed t...

Drying kinetics of sour cheery is investigated in solar dryer with forced convection and under open Sun with natural convection. Drying data were fitted to different mathematical models, whose performance was investigated by comparing coefficient (R), reduced chi-square (Ç) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the observed and predicted moisture ratios. Among these models, drying model dev...

Although esophageal extrusa is the most readily accepted representation of forage consumed by grazing ruminants, esophageal sampling is demanding from the standpoint of animal care and maintenance and extrusa processing. This experiment was conducted with a split-plot design to evaluate the effects of pasture type, pasture sampling technique and drying method on estimation of grazed forage comp...

Carbon fractions of tree tissues are a key component of forest carbon mass estimation. Several methods have been used to measure carbon fractions, yet no comprehensive comparison between methods has been performed. We found significant differences between carbon fractions derived from four sample preparation methods: oven-drying, vacuum desiccation, freeze-drying, and a new method that consiste...

A solar drying was investigated as one of perspective techniques for fish processing in Cambodia. The solar drying was compared to conventional drying in electric oven. Five typical Cambodian fish species were selected for this study. Mean solar drying temperature and drying air relative humidity were 55.6 °C and 19.9%, respectively. The overall solar dryer efficiency was 12.37%, which is typic...

Experiments were undertaken to study drying kinetics of moist cylindrical shaped food particulates during fluidised bed drying. Cylindrical particles were prepared from Green beans with three different length:diameter ratios, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1. A batch fluidised bed dryer connected to a heat pump system was used for the experimentation. A Heat pump and fluid bed combination was used to increase ...

Systematic study of how different drying methods, namely hot-air drying, vacuum-drying, and freeze-drying, affect color, browning index, degree of rehydration, water solubility, and vitamin C content is critical for utilizing pine needle powders (PNP) as a novel ingredient in functional foods. Samples prepared by vacuum-drying showed a significantly higher L*-value, whereas higher a*- and b*-va...

In this study, the effects of the storage duration of coffee cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying on the kinetics of drying, fungi development and the variation of physicochemical content were evaluated. The results showed that the longer coffee cherries were stored after harvest before putting out for sun drying, the quicker they dried. Indeed, the drying durations were 19,...

Th e drying characteristics of “Granny Smith” apples were analysed using a tunnel drier at diff erent temperatures and diff erent pre-treatments. „Granny Smith“ apples were cut into rectangle-shaped samples 20x20x5 mm in size. Th e drying temperatures for non-treated samples varied from 50oC to 80oC at airfl ow velocity of 2.8 m s-1. Prior to drying at 60oC, the samples were pretreated either t...