A way to assess specific CD8+ T-cell activity in a skin test analogous to the conventional delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction for CD4+ T cells is presented. Local injection of viral class I binding peptides caused a specific CD8+ T-cell-mediated DTH in footpads of virally infected mice. The DTH was inducible only during the acute phase of the infection. Apparently because of the short...

Several physiological and behavioral processes rely on precisely timed light information derived from the natural solar cycle. Using this information, traits have adapted to allow individuals within specific niches to optimize survival and reproduction, but urbanization by humans has significantly altered natural habitats. Nighttime light exposure alters immune function in several species, whic...

To evaluate whether familial clustering occurs in mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), patients with ML (index cases) were randomly selected from medical records at a health post in an endemic area for Leishmania braziliensis infection. Control individuals (index controls) matched by age, gender, and place of residence to index cases were selected. Family members of index cases and controls were compare...

We investigated the in vivo effect of recotnbinant interferon-y (IFN-7) and tumour necrosis factor y. (TNF-a) treatment of mice on the development of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction and hchenoid tissue reaction (LTR) following the local injection of cloned autorcactive T cells. Both the DTH reaction and the LTR were significantly enhanced by pretreatment with IFN-y, but not wit...

Today fixed satellite broadcast reception has to compete efficiently with other means of broadcast content delivery to end-users. The ease of reception is essential to maintain a high penetration rate under more competitive conditions. The introduction of DVB-S2 increases efficiency and allows for a higher throughput or a reduction of the reception equipment requirements. This means that a robu...

It has been reported that lead (Pb) exposure enhances interleukin (IL)-4 and inhibits interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) production in wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice. Here, we examined Pb effects on immunity in IFNgamma knockout (KO) mice. Lead significantly enhanced serum IgG1 anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) levels in WT mice compared to the controls; Pb also increased serum IgG2a anti-KLH levels, b...

The mechanism of restriction of T-cell specificity by the genotype of the thymus in allogeneic and semiallogeneic chimeras was investigated. Lack of induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) directed against antigen in association with the nonthymic parental haplotype in naive cells adoptively transferred into chimeras suggests the existence of an in vivo suppressive mechanism. However, ...

The Ly and Ia phenotypes of T lymphocytes involved in different functions were characterized by the use of specific antisera. T cells responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and for helper functions were found to be Ly-1+,2- in contrast to cytotoxic T cells and T cells responsible for suppression of antibody responses which were Ly-1-,2+. Unlike some primed helper cells, T cells inv...

Infections by facultative intracellular bacteria result in inflammatory tissue responses, such as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and the focal accumulation of mononuclear cells within granulomatous lesions (1, 2) . Both DTH and granuloma formation depend on an intact T cell response and have so far been accepted to be indispensable for protection against facultative intracellular bacteria...

Trypanosoma cruzi is the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas' heart disease, a potentially fatal cardiomyopathy prevalent in Central and South America. Infection with T. cruzi induces cardiac myosin autoimmunity in susceptible humans and mice, and this autoimmunity has been suggested to contribute to cardiac inflammation. To address how T. cruzi induces cardiac myosin autoimmunity, we investi...