The considerable impact of congestion on transportation networks is reflected by the vast amount of research papers dedicated to congestion identification, modeling, and alleviation. Despite this, the statistical characteristics of congestion, and particularly of its duration, have not been systematically studied, regardless of the fact that they can offer significant insights on its formation,...

We extend Duration Calculus to a logic which allows description of Discrete Processes where several steps of computation can occur at the same time point. The resulting logic is called Duration Calculus of Weakly Monotonic Time (WDC). It allows effects such as true synchrony and digitisation to be modelled. As an example of this, we formulate a novel semantics of Timed CSP assuming that the com...

Effects of stimulus duration and inter-letter spacing were studied in a letter-in-string identification paradigm. Participants were shown strings of 5 random consonants (e.g., PGKDM) centered on fixation and were asked to identify the letter that had appeared at a post-cued location. Stimulus duration was manipulated in Experiment 1 (13 ms-91 ms), and inter-letter spacing manipulated in Experim...

For focused pulses of light in isotropic nonlinear media, third-harmonic generation can be strongly affected by group-velocity mismatch between the fundamental and third-harmonic. There is a characteristic time determined by the group-velocity mismatch and the Rayleigh range of the focused pulse. The dynamics depend on two dimensionless quantities, namely the ratio of the characteristic time to...

We efficiently extract an ultraviolet femtosecond pulse train of milliwatt average power and 100 MHz repetition rate from a colliding pulse mode-locked dye laser by intracavity frequency doubling in KDP. The ultraviolet and visible outputs, which are comparable in power and pulse duration, are perfect synchronized with each

We consider an interpretation of monadic second-order logic of order in the continuous time structure of nitely variable signals and show the decidability of monadic logic in this structure. The expressive power of monadic logic is illustrated by providing a straightforward meaning preserving translation into monadic logic of three typical continuous time speciication formalism: Temporal Logic ...

The challenge in visualizing fast microscale fluid motion phenomena is to record high-quality images free of motion-blur. Here, we present an illumination technique based on laser-induced fluorescence which delivers high-intensity light pulses of 7 ns. The light source consists of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and a laser dye solution incorporated into a total internal reflection lens, resulting in...

This paper introduces and discusses the main aspects of multicolored femtosecond pulse generation using cascaded four-wave mixing (CFWM) in transparent bulk materials. Theoretical analysis and semi-quantitative calculations, based on the phase-matching condition of the four-wave mixing process, explain the phenomena well. Experimental studies, based on our experiments, have shown the main chara...

Based on the free precession model of the isolated pulsar PSR B1828-11, Link & Epstein (2001) showed that the observed pulse durations require the radio beam to have a non-standard shape: the beam duration is larger for beam sweeps farthest from the dipole axis. In their analysis they assumed that the actual precession period is ≃ 500 d. Recent theoretical studies suggested that the actual prec...

Duration Calculus with Iteration (DC∗) has been used as an interface between original Duration Calculus and Timed Automata, but has not been studied rigorously. In this paper, we study a subset of DC∗ formulas consisting of so-called simple ones which corresponds precisely with the class of Timed Automata. We give a complete proof system and the decidability results for the subset.