Parametric polymorphism has been combined with inclusional polymorphism to provide natural type systems for Prolog (DH88), HiLog (YFS92), and cofistraint resolution languages (Smo89), and, in linguistics, by HPSG-tike grammars to classify lists and sets of linguistic objects (PS94), and by phonologists in representations of hierarchical structure (Kle91). This paper summarizes the incorporation...

We carried out online choice experiments (CE) to investigate what value Japanese individuals assign to rare vs. familiar species in forest ecosystems, and to determine how preference heterogeneity arises. CE attributes comprised a forestry charge as the price attribute and rare vs. familiar species of animals or plants as the good to be valued. Species numbers in a 5 km mesh forest area were ev...

In practice, there are many dynamic covering decision information systems, and knowledge reduction of dynamic covering decision information systems is a significant challenge of covering-based rough sets. In this paper, we first study mechanisms of constructing attribute reducts for consistent covering decision information systems when adding objects using related families. We also employ examp...

In traditional access control models like mandatory access control (MAC), discretionary access control (DAC), and role-based access control (RBAC), authorization decisions are determined according to the identities of subjects and objects, which are authenticated by a system completely. Recent access control practices, such as digital rights management (DRM), trust management, and usage control...

Abstract: This paper presents and estimates a dynamic choice model in the attribute space considering rational consumers. In light of the evidence of several state-dependence patterns, the standard attribute-based model is extended by considering a general utility function where pure inertia and pure variety-seeking behaviors can be explained in the model as particular linear cases. The dynamic...

Attribute value uncertainty is present in a decision when the consequences are characterized by uncertain estimates of the underlying, unknown true values. Attributes defined based upon measurement data, experimental data, or survey data are subject to attribute value uncertainty. Uncertainty in decision modeling has received significant attention from the community, most notably the methods pe...