We examine whether price dispersion is an equilibrium phenomenon or a cyclical phenomenon. We develop a finite strategy model of price dispersion based on the infinite strategy model of Burdett and Judd (1983). Adopting an evolutionary standpoint, we examine the stability of dispersed price equilibrium under perturbed best response dynamics. We conclude that when both sellers and consumers part...

Torsins are essential, disease-relevant AAA+ (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) proteins residing in the endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space, where they are implicated in a variety of cellular functions. Recently, new structural and functional details about Torsins have emerged that will have a profound influence on unraveling the precise mechanistic details of their ...

this paper investigates the relationship between macroeconomic instability and private investment of the iranian economy. the study uses a trivariate var(2)-garch(1,1)-in-mean with diagonal bekk approach to proxied inflation and exchange rate uncertainties as the main indicators of macroeconomic instability. moreover, bounds testing approach to level relationship applied to investigate the long...

We present a unified approach for qualitative and quantitative analysis of stability and instability dynamics of positive bright solitons in multidimensional focusing nonlinear media with a potential (lattice), which can be periodic, periodic with defects, quasiperiodic, single waveguide, etc. We show that when the soliton is unstable, the type of instability dynamic that develops depends on wh...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the changes in static and dynamic postural control after the development of acute low back pain. METHODS Thirty healthy right-handed volunteers were divided into three groups; the right back pain group, the left back pain group, and the control group. 0.5 mL of 5% hypertonic saline was injected into L4-5 paraspinal muscle for 5 seconds to cause muscle pain. The movement ...

Background. Instability of the wrist, leading to the appearance of a fissure between the scaphoid and lunate bones (SLD), is generally attributed to damage of the scapholunate ligaments (SLIL). However, repair of the SLIL does not give a good outcome. SLD recurs in many cases, despite correct reconstruction. The structures of the joint may be exposed to further overloading and damage, with all ...

The intermittent transition between slow growth and rapid shrinkage in polymeric assemblies is termed "dynamic instability", a feature observed in a variety of biochemically distinct assemblies including microtubules, actin, and their bacterial analogs. The existence of this labile phase of a polymer has many functional consequences in cytoskeletal dynamics, and its repeated appearance suggests...

Background: Dynamic postural instability is a common neuromuscular impairment in cerebral palsy (CP), which often includes balance dysfunction and an associated risk of serious falls. Robotic hippotherapy has recently become a widespread clinical application to facilitate postural core stabilization, strength, and endurance through repetitive vestibular and proprioceptive stimulation to the spi...

in recent years, underactuated nonlinear dynamic systems trajectory tracking, such as space robots and manipulators with structural flexibility, has become a major field of interest due to the complexity and high computational load of these systems. hierarchical sliding mode control has been investigated recently for these systems; however, the instability phenomena will possibly occur, especia...