A spectrum of cephalic neural tube defects was observed in near-term (gestation day [GD] 17) mouse fetuses following maternal inhalation of methanol at a high concentration (15,000 ppm) for 6 hr/day during neurulation (GD 7-9). Dysraphism, chiefly exencephaly, occurred in 15% of fetuses, usually in association with reduction or absence of multiple bones in the craniofacial skeleton and ocular a...

Much interest has been shown in the pathology of the more gross developmental anomalies of the spinal cord and its coverings and in their clinical manifestations, most of which are not amenable to treatment. It has not been appreciated that lesser anomalies can also produce disabilities, that they can be diagnosed in life and that they can frequently be treated by surgery before the secondary e...

Neuraxial techniques of anaesthesia and analgesia are the current choice in obstetrics for efficacy and general low risk of major complications. Concern exists about neuraxial anaesthesia in patients with occult neural tube defects, regarding both labour analgesia and anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Recently, remifentanil infusion has been proposed as an analgesic technique alternative to lu...

Congenital dermal sinus (CDS) is a type of occult spinal dysraphism characterized by a midline skin dimple. A 12-month-old girl presented with fever and ascending quadriparesis. She had a midline skin dimple in the upper sacral area that had been discovered in her neonatal period. Imaging studies revealed a holocord intramedullary abscess and CDS. Overlooking CDS or misdiagnosing it as benign s...

Included among various forms of craniovertebral congenital defects, known generally as spinal dysraphism or myelodysplasia, is a little described condition produced by the conus medullaris being tethered within the confines of the sacrum, usually by a lipomatous growth. Diagnosis may be difficult and is often not considered by clinicians in spite of characteristic clinical and radiographic appe...

Human tail and multiple spinal dysraphism are unusual congenital malformations. Human tail appeared as a prominent lesion from the lumbosacrococcygeal region, generally without connection between the tail and the neurospinal axis. Spinal dysraphisms are usually isolated, reaching 0.038% of incidence of multiple spinal dysraphisms in the same child. There were three cases described of unusual sp...

Spina bifida meningomyelocele (SBM) is a neural tube defect that involves dysraphism of the spinal cord and extensive reorganization of the brain. The authors assessed the relationship between chronotype, diurnal preferences, and sleep problems in individuals with SBM and healthy controls. Although individuals with SBM showed the characteristic decelerating quadratic relationship between age an...

Hypothesis / aims of study Spina bifida occulta (SBO) is a subtle form of dysraphism with 1 or more split spinous processes with widened interpedicular distances on plain radiography, which always occurs in lumbosacral vertebrae with or without spinal cord injuries. It is unclear the relationship between SBO and lower urinary tract Symptoms(LUTS)in middle and elderly people. The prevalence of S...

Hypoplasia of the ischiopubic region is described in four patients. An adolescent was referred for spinal dysraphism and scoliosis, another one for bilateral aplasia of the patella and scoliosis, and finally two children were treated for congenital dislocation of the hip. The osseous malformation of the ischiopubic bones was not associated with any other intrapelvic disorders, and remained unch...

Failure of an orderly separation of the neuroectoderm from the surface ectoderm with the interposition of mesoderm (dysjunction) results in a spectrum of defects involving the skin, spinal cord, as well as the intervening mesodermal structures. Errors in dysjunction manifest as a variety of spinal dysraphic states including dermal sinus tracts (DSTs) and CITs.[4] Spinal dysraphism is seen in 2-...