Abstract. Basal melt of ice shelves is a key factor governing discharge from the Antarctic Ice Sheet as result its effects on buttressing. Here, we use radio echo sounding to determine spatial variability basal rate southern Filchner Shelf, Antarctica, along inflow Support Force Glacier. We find moderate rates with maximum 1.13 m a?1 about 50 km downstream grounding line. The over distances few...

Coastal development and urban planning are facing different issues including natural disasters extreme storm events. The ability to track forecast the evolution of physical characteristics coastal areas over time is an important factor in development, risk mitigation overall zone management. Traditional bathymetry measurements obtained using echo-sounding techniques which considered expensive n...

Widely available ‘fish-finder’ echo-sounding devices are beginning to be used in bathymetric studies estimate geomorphic change. To date, however, there have been no applications shallow and complex wetlands, where changes sediment storage notoriously dynamic time difficult describe accurately space. Therefore, this study, we tested the performance of an ‘off-the-shelf’ fish-finder for mapping ...

Ethnic and gender discrimination in a variety of markets has been documented in several populations. We conducted an online field experiment to examine ethnic and gender discrimination in the private rental housing market in Finland. We sent 1459 inquiries regarding 800 apartments. We compared responses to standardized apartment inquiries including fictive Arabic-sounding, Finnish-sounding or S...

Networked communications accord the voice renewed spatial significance. How does the mobile phone influence the use and design of spaces? The conventions for modulating the voice in face-to-face exchanges are well established. But in the case of mobile communications the voice may be raised to abnormal levels. The raised voice overcomes ambient interference, and spatial distance. The voice is a...