This study presents a novel approach to estimating the intensity of hurricanes using temperature profiles from Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPSRO) measurements. Previous research has shown that the temperature difference between the ocean surface and the eyewall outflow region defines hurricanes’ thermodynamic efficiency, which is directly proportional to the storm’s intensity. ...

Two methods are developed to estimate net surface energy fluxes based upon satellite-derived reconstructions of radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere and the atmospheric energy tendencies and transports from the ERA-Interim reanalysis. Method 1 applies the mass-adjusted energy divergence from ERA-Interim, while method 2 estimates energy divergence based upon the net energy difference at the...

We have used an off-line three-dimensional (3-D) chemical transport model (CTM) to study long-term changes in stratospheric O3. The model was run from 1977–2004 and forced by ECMWF ERA-40 and operational analyses. Model runs were performed to examine the impact of increasing halogens and additional stratospheric bromine from short-lived source gases. The analyses capture much of the observed in...

Abstract The Precipitations conditions having special attention in the last decade due to their impact on human health, ecosystems and other aspects such as agriculture, hydrology. ECMWF ERA-Interim 15-hourly (00 15 UTC) total precipitations a 1° x grid covering Iraq, from 29° N 38° 39° W 48° E, with of 10 by cells, was used. At each point, extremes were defined those events which above 90 th p...

Ground-based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) have efficiently been used since the 1990s as a meteorological observing system. Recently scientists used GNSS time series of precipitable water vapor (PWV) for climate research. In this work, we use time series from GNSS, European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data, and meteorological measurements to e...

This study research the performance of ERA5 reanalysis model in estimating and monitoring variability atmospheric water vapour content over Nigeria. The is a fifth-generation recently released by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). comes with excitingly high spatial temporal resolution when compared to earlier models like ERA-Interim ERA-40. However, previous models, num...

Abstract. We use TOMCAT, a 3-dimensional (3D) offline chemical transport model (CTM) forced by two different meteorological reanalysis data sets (ERA-Interim and ERA5) from the European Centre for Medium-Range weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to analyse seasonal behaviour long-term trends in stratospheric ozone mean age of air. The model-simulated variations are evaluated against observation-based set...

This study makes use of the new Total Column Vater Vapour Data Record (CDR-2 (v2)) —developed by European Space Agency (ESA) in coordination with Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF)— to analyse adequacy integrated vertical water vapour column (IWV) data provided Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 and ERA-Interim reanalyses regions critical interest ...

The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) provides global analyses of atmospheric humidity from the ground to the lower mesosphere. Unlike in the troposphere, in the stratosphere no humidity observations are assimilated. Humidity analyses here are essentially the results of a free-running model constrained by the ECMWF’s analysed wind fields. So far only the broad-scale fea...