background: chemicals are among risk factors that can affect women's reproductive system. this study is aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents with menstruation disturbances and hormonal changes among female workers. methods : female workers of a pharmaceutical company were divided into three groups of non-exposed, low-exposed and highly-e...

10 Environmentalists, scientists, and land managers have long debated the role of ranching in landscape conservation with some contending that ranching represents the major threat to ecological systems, while others believe it is key to long-term conservation. We contrast the impacts of livestock grazing with those of the major alternative land use at this time, suburban and ex-urban developmen...

The invasion of ecological systems by nonindigenous species is now recognized as a growing global problem that imposes significant economic and ecological damages. In the United States alone, the total costs of nonindigenous species have been estimated to be at least $137 billion per year (Pimentel et al.). Approximately one-fourth of the value of the country’s agricultural output is lost to no...

The responses of urban park woodlands to large disturbances provide the opportunity to identify and examine linkages in social-ecological systems in urban landscapes.We propose that the Panarchy model consisting of hierarchically nested adaptive cycles provides a useful framework to evaluate those linkages. We use two case studies as examples – Cherokee Park in Louisville, Kentucky, USA and Tij...

In this paper we will continue the study of p-closed spaces. This class of spaces is strictly placed between the class of strongly compact spaces and the class of quasi-Hclosed spaces. We will provide new characterizations of p-closed spaces and investigate their relationships with some other classes of topological spaces.

What should and should not be considered an affordance is still an open issue. At the 2002 North American meeting of the International Society for Ecological Psychology, a symposium was held concerning this topic. The articles in this special issue are expanded versions of the papers presented at that symposium. To set the stage for those discussions, this article presents an analysis of the ev...

Historical relationships between people and a changing Arctic environment (which constitute a social-ecological system, or SES) can offer insights for management that promote both social and ecological resilience. The continued existence of healthy renewable resources around communities is particularly important, as subsistence and commercial use of local resources are often the only practical ...