This paper develops an economic lot-sizing production model for deteriorating items with time dependent quadratic demand and delay in payments under two levels of trade credit policy. The trade credit policy adopted here is a two-level trade credit policy in which the supplier offers the retailer a permissible delay period M, and the retailer in turn provides customers a permissible delay perio...

Nigeria has endured two decades of economic stagnation. Despite the country’s rich natural and human resources, its per capita gross domestic product of $860 (in 2004) is one of the lowest in the world.3 In addition, Nigeria has experienced the deterioration of its democratic institutions, long periods of ethnic and civil war, and a series of military coups. In fact, military rule ended only in...

The collectivization and the long period of socialism in Russia completely transformed rural life and rural livelihoods. In this period large-scale farms came to incorporate all aspects of rural life, and became the dominant economic and social structures in rural areas. In the past decade, the on-going transition, combined with the economic deterioration of the large-scale farming system, has ...

This paper examines the impact of a decade of transition on the living standards of people living in seven of the poorest Republics of the former Soviet Union – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan (known as the CIS-7). Data are drawn from a wide variety of sources, providing a comprehensive overview of household and individual welfare within the region....

The congestion of the city area within the walls along the 19th century and the economic and social crisis of historic centres during most of the 20th century led to their deterioration. The theoretical conceptualization and practical implementation of domestic improvement and reform programmes have changed with time. With the beginning of the new century, urban dynamics in a globalized space a...

The focus of haze prevention is how to solve the relationship between social and economic development and the haze prevention. In the current situation where environmental pollution becomes increasingly worse, China needs to enhance the effectiveness of preventing and treating hazy weather. The article first introduces the characteristics of Chinese hazy weather, including a wide range, long du...

The rapid economic development and motorization in the last three decades in Beijing has resulted in the deterioration of Beijing’s air quality. Since 1998, the Beijing municipal government has made a great effort to improve Beijing’s air quality, resulting in significant progress in reducing air pollution in Beijing. However, the air quality is still below the international health standard, es...

Using panel data from the 2007-09 Survey of Consumer Finances, this research explores channels through which the Great Recession affected households’ demand for life insurance policies. Existing literature suggests that the economic downturn induced changes in insurance coverage due to both financial and psychological shocks. This paper utilizes Probit regressions with differenced explanatory v...