A clear break in the post-World War I1 pattern of rapid productivity growth was a virtually universal phenomenon across Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, in most of them beginning in the early 1970s. This development had implications for both the evolution of aggregate supply, as well as the growth of real income and the types of macroeconomic and structura...

The "lost decade" is a term popularly used to describe the Japanese economy of the 1990s, the period following the bursting of the country’s economic bubble. Yet even after the problems of nonperforming bank loans and damaged balance sheets were corrected in the early 2000s, growth has not been able to return to the level of the pre-bubble era. This has prompted Faculty Fellow Kyoji Fukao and h...

In recent years, measuring and analyzing productivity changes is the main focus of variousresearches who study performance of organizations. All through widespread application ofMalmquist Productivity Index, different types of data should be considered thoroughly,otherwise any defective study of the related data and deciding factors may yield poor results.Practical Malmquist Productivity Index ...

Information and communication technologies (ICT) have made enormous impact on social and economic performance and competitiveness in general, and on productivity, efficiency, and innovation in particular. The literature suggests that ICT has contributed greatly to productivity growth and competitiveness in the developed as well as developing countries in the last decade. This study aims to adva...

Urban production externalities (agglomeration effects) are external effects among producers in areas with a high density of economic activity. Such external effects are the main explanation for why productivity is usually highest in those areas of a country where economic activity is densest. There is some disagreement about the strength of urban production externalities. What is clear however ...

The airlines provide a critical service to the nation’s economy, providing rapid, safe, and affordable transportation over large geographic distances. The reliability of this transportation service, defined as the difference between the ticketed arrival time and the actual passenger arrival time, translates into economic productivity. For example, in 2007, the total delays experienced by airlin...

This paper analyses some of the forces that are changing the spatial distribution of activity in the world economy. It draws on the 'new economic geography' literature to argue the importance of increasing returns to scale and cumulative causation processes in shaping the productivity and comparative advantage of different regions. In the presence of such increasing returns there may be persist...

Nowadays, agricultural R&D provides new and developed technologies to create modern agricultural producing methods. During recent years, improving agricultural productivity is affected by not only domestic R&D investments but also foreign countries R&D investments. Nowadays, according to new growth models, R&D is the base of productivity. Recent economic theories consider agricultural research ...

We show that in a Malthusian world an increase in taxes raises average labour productivity by culling marginal workers and reducing equilibrium population. Thus states with higher taxes will have higher labour productivity, ceteris paribus, and an increase in taxes in a particular state will generate an increase over time in labour productivity (”economic growth”). Landowners create the same ef...