let g=(v,e) be a simple graph. an edge labeling f:e to {0,1} induces a vertex labeling f^+:v to z_2 defined by $f^+(v)equiv sumlimits_{uvin e} f(uv)pmod{2}$ for each $v in v$, where z_2={0,1} is the additive group of order 2. for $iin{0,1}$, let e_f(i)=|f^{-1}(i)| and v_f(i)=|(f^+)^{-1}(i)|. a labeling f is called edge-friendly if $|e_f(1)-e_f(0)|le 1$. i_f(g)=v_f(1)-v_f(0) is called the edge-f...

It is well known that the vertices of any graph can be put in a linear preorder so that for random walk on the graph vertices appearing earlier in the preorder are “easier to reach but more difficult to get out of”. We exhibit further such preorders corresponding to various functions related to random walk and study their relationships. These preorders coincide when the graph is a tree, but not...

In this paper, we give solutions for the two conjectures on the inverse problem of the Wiener index of peptoids proposed by Goldman et al. We give the first conjecture a positive proof and the second conjecture a negative answer.

forest roads are directions in natural habitats that used to transport wood products, secondary forest products and recreation. constructing forest roads causes trees clearing with specified width thus lead to direct or indirect changes in forest ecosystems and forest environment. this study aims to assess the changes of diversity and richness indices in main and secondary forest roads in a par...

The Wiener index of a graph is the sum of all pairwise distances of vertices of the graph. Fischermann et al [5] characterized the trees which minimize the Wiener index among all trees with the maximum degree at most ∆. They also determined the trees which maximize the Wiener index, but in a much more restricted family of trees which have two distinct vertex degrees only. In this note, we fully...

image recognition is one of the most important field in image processing that in recent decades had much attention .due to expansion of related fields with image processing and various application of this science in machine vision, military science, geography, aerospace and artificial intelligence and lots of other aspects, out stand the importance of this subject.one of the most important aspe...

Let T be an acyclic molecule with n vertices, and let S(T ) be the acyclic molecule obtained from T by replacing each edge of T by a path of length two. In this work, we show that the Wiener index of T can be explained as the number of matchings with n− 2 edges in S(T ). Furthermore, some related results are also obtained.

The Wiener index is one of the main descriptors that correlate a chemical compound’s molecular graph with experimentally gathered data regarding the compound’s characteristics. A long standing conjecture on the Wiener index ([4], [5]) states that for any positive integer n (except numbers from a given 49 element set), one can find a tree with Wiener index n. In this paper, we prove that every i...