Due to the GC-rich, repetitive nature of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions, PCR based detection methods are challenging. Several limitations of PCR have been reported and overcoming these could help to define the pathogenic range. There is also a need to develop improved repeat-primed PCR assays which allow detection even in the presence of genomic variation around the repeat region. We ...

background: androgens play critical role in secondary sexual and male gonads differentiations such as spermatogenesis, via androgen receptor. the human androgen receptor (ar) encoding gene contains two regions with three nucleotide polymorphic repeats (cag and ggn) in the first exon. unlike the cag repeats, the ggn has been less studied because of technical difficulties, so the functional role ...

Automatic repeat request (ARQ) methods cannot increase the capacity of a memoryless channel. However, they can be used to decrease the complexity of the channel-coding system to achieve essentially error-free transmission and to reduce link margins when the channel characteristics are poorly predictable. This article considers ARQ methods on a power-limited channel (e.g., the deep-space channel...

BACKGROUND Electronic health records (EHR) are becoming increasingly integrated into the clinical environment. With the rapid proliferation of EHRs, a number of studies document an increase in adverse patient safety issues due to the EHR-user interface. Because of these issues, greater attention has been placed on novel educational activities which incorporate use of the EHR. The ICU environmen...

Sidereal filtering is an effective method for mitigating multipath error in static GPS positioning. Using accurate estimates of multipath repeat time (MRT) in sidereal filtering can further improve the performance of the filter. There are three commonly used methods for estimating the MRT: Orbit Repeat Time Method (ORTM), Aspect Repeat Time Adjustment (ARTA), and Residual Correlation Method (RC...

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The end of the “one-child” policy in China has brought the discussion of how much birth control policies have actually affected women’s childbearing behavior back into the spotlight. Some people suggest that birth control policies explain most of the fertility decline in China, but others believe that socioeconomic development has also played a decisive role. To shed light on these questions, i...

OBJECTIVES To comprehensively assess condom use errors and problems reported by women who apply condoms, given the lack of data on this aspect of condom use. METHODS Data from a questionnaire survey, using a 3-month recall period, was analyzed for a convenience sample of 102 college women who put condoms on their male partner(s) for sex (vaginal, anal, or oral). The percentage of the sample r...

BACKGROUND Healthcare can cause avoidable serious harm to patients. Primary care is not an exception, and the relative lack of research in this area lends urgency to a better understanding of patient safety, the future research agenda and the development of primary care oriented safety programmes. OBJECTIVE To outline a research agenda for patient safety improvement in primary care in Europe ...