We propose a prediction-based best-effort real-time service to support distributed, interactive applications in shared, unreserved computing environments. These applications have timing requirements, but can continue to function when deadlines are missed. In addition, they expose two kinds of adaptability: tasks can be run on any host, and their resource demands can be adjusted based on user-pe...

This paper presents a game theoretic approach to causal discovery. The problem of causal discovery is framed as a game of the Scientist against Nature, in which Nature attempts to hide its secrets for as long as possible, and the Scientist makes her best effort at discovery while minimizing cost. This approach provides a very general framework for the assessment of different search procedures a...

The central thalamus plays an important role in the regulation of arousal and allocation of attentional resources in the performance of even simple tasks. To assess the contribution of central thalamic neurons to short-term adjustments of attentional effort, we analyzed 166 microelectrode recordings obtained from two rhesus monkeys performing a visuomotor simple reaction time task with a variab...

Abstract The global lack of student motivation towards learning science and gender imbalance in STEM careers provided the impetus for this study, which had two key aims: (1) to examine influence female students’ perceptions psychosocial environment on their self-regulation learning,; (2) investigate reported effort. Data were collected from 338 students grades 6 9 classes across 16 government s...

Smartphones are innovations that currently provide immense benefits and convenience to users in society. However, not all the users of society are accepting and using smart phones, more specifically, for this research study older adults (50+) are a demographic group displaying such an attitude. Currently, there is minimal knowledge of the reasons that older adults adopt and use smartphones. Bea...

Prior research has characterized the adoption of process standards as a multi-stage effort ranging from the initial implementation through institutionalization. However, relationships between these adoption stages have not been examined significantly. In this study the author analyzes performance data from a large service provider that has implemented a process standardization framework for ser...

I n the preceding article, I proposed live delinitions of strategy -as a plan, ploy, pattern, position, and perspective. Drawing on these, I wish to investigate here the question of why organizations really do need strategies. In discussing some of the conventional reasons as well as other ones-to set direction, focus effort, define the organization, provide consistency-I will consider how thes...