This study investigates how two types of graphical representation tools influence the way in which learners use knowledge resources in two different collaboration conditions. In addition, the study explores the extent to which learners share knowledge with respect to individual outcomes under these different conditions. The study also analyzes the relationship between the use of knowledge resou...

People are constrained by their culture and social life when telling stories. A second language learner then cannot be expected to tell stories in the target language without cross-cultural effects that influence the way of narration. The present study examined the role of the first language (L1) and second language (L2) in the organization of narratives by focusing on Persian speakers’ and EFL...

BACKGROUND Knowledge and perceptions about tuberculosis (TB) can influence care-seeking behavior and adherence to treatment. Previous studies in Malawi were conducted to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding TB in adults, with limited data on knowledge in children. OBJECTIVES This study assessed knowledge and perceptions about TB in children aged 10-14 years attending primary school in Ntc...

With the rapid development of information society and wide spread of life-long learning, the needs for knowledge are growing dramatically. With the fast pace of modern life, most people cannot afford to take formal courses in the classroom. Therefore, more and more people turn to distance learning for its flexibility in time and space. Different from face to face learning, both the learners and...

Currently many instructional Web sites just simply deliver course materials without integrating the role of teacher in guiding learners to use these materials to construct knowledge. Learners only passively receive the presented materials. Our research is to provide support services to actively assist learners to construct knowledge using the constructivist approach to learning. This paper focu...

III Listening comprehension is a multifaceted L2 skill and its actual mastery has proved challenging for many EFL learners (Matthews, 2018). Pre-listening supports may help us change the dire situation in developing effective listening competence. Therefore, the current study tried to examine the effect of vocabulary preparation, grammar instruction and background knowledge activatio...

Learner’s self-awareness of the breadth and depth of their expertise is crucial for self-regulated learning. Further, of learners report self-knowledge assessments to teaching systems, this can be used to adapt teaching to them. These reasons make it valuable to enable learners to quickly and easily create such models and to improve them. Following the trend to open these models to learners, we...

The purpose of this study was (a) to assess the effects of learner-generated domain representations on understanding combinatorics and probability theory and (b) to investigate the effects of the format (graphical, arithmetical, or textual) in which learners create their domain representation. A pretest-posttest design was applied in which four conditions were compared: three experimental condi...

Researches on lexical knowledge basically focus on the acquisition of the deep lexical knowledge. The lexical-conceptual organization of Chinese EFL learners’ mental lexicon has been a most researched issue. This paper is to review the existing literature in this field and propose the controversies on the language effects on the lexical linking patterns of the learners, which are hopefully clue...

The purpose of the present study was to identify any significant relationship between critical thinking ability, L2 vocabulary knowledge, and L2 vocabulary learning strategies of Iranian EFL learners. To this aim, the productive vocabulary levels test was administered to measure the learner’s L2 vocabulary knowledge and observe homogeneity in terms of vocabulary knowledge. At the second stage, ...