Islands are viewed as natural evolutionary laboratories for terrestrial organisms because they have boundaries that limit dispersal and often reveal evolutionary patterns and mechanisms. One such pattern is that the smallest and largest species of different types of tetrapod animals are frequently found on islands. Here I describe two new diminutive species of snakes of the genus Leptotyphlops ...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the responses of Tamoxifen (TAM) administration on sexual maturity, productive and reproductive performance and blood parameters in two local juvenile female strains. Ninety females from each of Gimmizah and Bandarah strains at four weeks of age were divided into three equal groups involving 30 chicks per each and injected intramuscularly with TAM twi...

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides that may perform an important role in biomineralization. GAG were isolated from chicken eggshell membranes and calcified shells. Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and h...

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation olive leaf extract (OLE), eggshell with membrane (ESM), and ESM that absorbed OLE (OLE+ESM) on performance, egg quality, biochemical, bone parameters in laying Japanese quail. A total 112 quail, being 45-day-old, were divided into 4 groups replicates. The quail fed four diets: i) basal diet ii) supplemented 400 ppm iii...

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using different powers magnetic field technology (0, 1000, 1500, 2000 gausses) well water treatment on, egg quality (external and internal properties Biochemical composition) (Brown Lohman classic) layers. A total two hundred fifty-six (256) commercial Brown Classic strain 48 week’s age nearly similar body weight were randomly assig...

BACKGROUND Cholinergic regulation of chronotropic (frequency) and inotropic (force) aspects of antral contractility and how these impact on gastric emptying are not well delineated. AIMS To determine the effects of cholinergic stimulation and inhibition on myoelectric, contractile, and emptying parameters of gastric motility. METHODS Ten normal subjects underwent three studies each, using s...

Background—Cholinergic regulation of chronotropic (frequency) and inotropic (force) aspects of antral contractility and how these impact on gastric emptying are not well delineated. Aims—To determine the eVects of cholinergic stimulation and inhibition on myoelectric, contractile, and emptying parameters of gastric motility. Methods—Ten normal subjects underwent three studies each, using simult...