A statistical model is developed in order to simulate the melt composition electric arc furnaces (EAFs) with respect uncertainties (1) scrap composition, (2) weighing and (3) element distribution factors. The tramp Cu alloying Cr are taken into account. enables simulations of a charge program as well backwards estimations concentrations their variance scrap. In calculation, maximum likelihood m...

Frequent Switching of arc furnace in steel company causes a great effect on the insulation of arc furnace transformer winding which in turn may causes a shutdown of production for long periods of time. Therefore, it is necessary to study and analyze the causes of these outages and design an adequate protective device. In this paper the transient overvoltage resulted from vacuum circuit breaker ...

The following issues are considered: the role of hot heel in scrap melting by electric arcs in the furnace freeboard; advantages and disadvantages of furnaces with a single charging and those with a telescoping shell; Specifics of furnace scrap hampering its heating by burners. The possibilities of using different types of burners for scrap heating are analyzed including stationary burners and ...

The CO2 emissions of electric arc furnaces (EAFs) can be reduced by decreasing the electrical energy consumed in melting iron scraps utilizing chemical energy. In general, efficiency EAF process improved using oxidation reaction heat and carbon combustion. When is added to molten steel, it not completely dissolved because its high point, floats slag layer, owing low density. Al dross a byproduc...

This paper presents a comprehensive explanation of the formation of the electric arc between opening contacts in a current carrying electric circuit. As the contacts begin to open a molten metal bridge forms between them. The rupture of this bridge and the initial formation of the electric arc are studied in both atmospheric air and vacuum using experiments to determine the direction of metal t...

A two-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) computational model has been developed to study the effect of gassing material on air arc behavior in low voltage circuit breaker. The properties of arc plasma and the electric, magnetic and radiative phenomena have been taken into account in the model. Based on the model, steady state solutions have been performed to study the effect of ...

smelting of hammerable iron and its treatment in antiquity and Medieval produced also by-product: slag. Because of small yields of iron the process produced only small amounts of slag that did not attract attention of smelters concerning its possible use. the use of slag pieces was only accidental. a lot of slag pieces and blocks from slag pit shaft furnaces were used as a material for mound bu...

For three-phase six-electrode submerged-arc furnaces, a technical solution has been proposed that allows to determine the contour of an electrode with arc discharge by analyzing harmonic spectrum offset voltage zero point, created artificially. Researches carried out on industrial furnace which melts ferronickel, have confirmed possibility using method for monitoring and controlling operating m...