What happens inside an enzyme's active site to allow slow and difficult chemical reactions to occur so rapidly? This question has occupied biochemists' attention for a long time. Computer models of increasing sophistication have predicted an important role for electrostatic interactions in enzymatic reactions, yet this hypothesis has proved vexingly difficult to test experimentally. Recent expe...

We present a theory and numerical evidence for the existence of a previously unexplored in-plane electric field in collisionless asymmetric magnetic reconnection. This electric field, dubbed the "Larmor electric field," is associated with finite Larmor radius effects and is distinct from the known Hall electric field. Potentially, it could be an important indicator for the upcoming Magnetospher...

The weakly electric fish have the electric organ to generate the electric field and electrosensory mechanism to read the change of electric field with their electroreceptors. The electric organ produce a waveform of electric field as their electric organ discharge (EOD). Their active electrolocation system can detect the distortion of the self-generated electric field, which is caused by a targ...

Control of turbulence in two kinds of typical heterogeneous excitable media by applying a combined method is investigated. It is found that local-low-amplitude and high-frequency pacing (LHP) is effective to suppress turbulence if the deviation of the heterogeneity is minor. However, LHP is invalid when the deviation is large. Studies show that an additional radial electric field can greatly in...