Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) involves the use of electrical current to facilitate contraction of skeletal muscle. However, little is known concerning the effects of varying stimulation parameters on muscle function in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which varying pulse duration and frequency altered torque production and fatigability of human skel...

A South American gymnotid, Eigenmannia, is known to be a kind of weak electric fish, producing continuously the electric organ discharge with an intensity of about 1 V. and a constant frequency of about 300 cyc./sec. at 25 C. (Coates, Altamirano & Grundfest, 1954; Lissmann, 1958). The frequency is a function of temperature, with a Q10 of about 1*5. At a fixed temperature, however, the discharge...

In the dynamic clamp technique, a typically nonlinear feedback system delivers electrical current to an excitable cell that represents the actions of "virtual" ion channels (e.g., channels that are gated by local membrane potential or by electrical activity in neighboring biological or virtual neurons). Since the conception of this technique, there have been a number of different implementation...

In this paper, we present a microfluidic chip that is capable of measuring electrical conductance through gap junction channels in a 2-dimensional cell sheet. The chip utilizes a tri-stream laminar flow to create a non-conductive sucrose gap between the two conducting solutions so that electrical current can pass across the sucrose gap only through the cells. Using the chip, we tested the effec...

An exothermal reaction has been observed when submitting metallic uranium to the combined action of a magnetic field and an electrical current. The set-up used to study the phenomenon is described and results are given. A tentative explanation is given, based on the possible existence of a still hypothetical proton/electron resonance.

Nanowire networks have great potential in many industrial applications, including batteries, electrical circuits, solar cells, and sensors. In this paper we focus on a specific hydrogen gas nanosensor whose sensing element is a network of palladium nanowires. The nanosensor is modeled using a square, equilateral triangle, and hexagonal lattice. We provide the reliability behavior of this nanose...

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive neuroimaging method for detecting, analyzing, and interpreting the magnetic field generated by the electrical activity in the brain. Modern hardware can capture the MEG signal at hundreds of points around the head in a snapshot lasting only a fraction of a millisecond. The sensitivity of modern hardware is high enough to permit the extraction of a c...

OBJECTIVE To summarize the current evidence-based knowledge about the long-term sequelae of injuries from electrical current. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE MEDLINE was searched for English-language articles published in the past 20 years using the following search terms: electrical, injuries, wound, trauma, accident, sequelae, long-term, follow-up, and aftereffects. For obvious reasons, it is unethical...

We consider a charged porous material that is saturated by two fluid phases that are immiscible and continuous on the scale of a representative elementary volume. The wetting phase for the grains is water and the nonwetting phase is assumed to be an electrically insulating viscous fluid. We use a volume-averaging approach to derive the linear constitutive equations for the electrical current de...

many studies employing various methods have been carried out into the number densities of excited atoms in electrical discharges with inert gases [1,2,3], but the ranges of the discharge current and gas pressure is very limited in them all. in this work, the population densities of 3s, 3s' of neon have been investigated using the atomic absorption method. since the discharge current and ga...