Conventional cochlear implants electrically stimulate the auditory nerve to bypass non-functional hair cells. The present study investigates optical stimulation as alternative to replace cochlear function. Although pulsed laser light is known to excite the organ of Corti, the interaction sites of pulsed lasers with the cellular elements of the inner ear have not been clarified yet. So far, two ...

background: parkinson's disease (pd) is a neurodegenerative disorder impairing motor, verbal and other abilities. visual evoked potential (vep) assessment is a useful method for analysis of visual system and its function. the present study was designed in order to evaluate whether vep changes are associated with pd. m aterials and methods: in the present study, 100 subjects encompassing 40 pati...

background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic neurological disease that affects brain and spinal cord. the infratentorial region contains the cerebellum and brainstem. vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (vemps) are short-latency myogenic responses. cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cvemp) is a manifestation of vestibulocolic reflex and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potent...

background and aim: caffeine at low doses blocks adenosine receptors. these receptors are present in all parts of the body including auditory and vestibular system. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeine on cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cvemp). methods: in this interventional double-blind study, 40 cases (20 females and 20 males) aged 18-25 years were randomly ass...

Recent advances in the technology of recording magnetic fields associated with electric current flow in biological tissues have provided a means of examining action currents that is more direct and possibly more accurate than conventional electrical recording. Magnetic recordings are relatively insensitive to muscle movement, and, because the recording probes are not directly connected to the t...

Electrically evoked itching has the strong potential to be used to investigate the central processing associated with itching at high temporal resolution by employing magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography (EEG), and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, it has not been investigated whether time-locked brain activity can be measured using this stimulus, and wheth...

In the previous paper we have demonstrated, by means of field potential and extracellular unit recordings, that bicuculline-induced seizures, which include spike-wave (SW) or polyspike-wave (PSW) complexes, are initiated intracortically and survive ipsilateral thalamectomy. Here, we used multisite field potential and extracellular recordings to validate the patterns of cortical SW/PSW seizures ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three antihormones, tamoxifen (TXF, an antiestrogen), mifepristone (MIF, an antiprogesterone) and cyproterone (CYP, an antiandrogen) in two major models of experimental epilepsy, electrically and pentetrazole (PTZ)-evoked seizures in mice. TXF (20-50 mg/kg) significantly raised the threshold for electroconvulsions in female mice, whereas CYP...

OBJECTIVE Cochlear implants (CIs) have a limited number of independent stimulation channels due to the highly conductive nature of the fluid-filled cochlea. Attempts to develop highly focused stimulation to improve speech perception in CI users includes the use of simultaneous stimulation via multiple current sources. Focused multipolar (FMP) stimulation is an example of this approach and has b...