A variety of optical and electro-optical instruments are used for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications to the human eye. These generally expose ocular structures to either coherent or incoherent optical radiation (ultraviolet, visible, or infrared radiation) under unique conditions. We convert both laser and incoherent exposure guidelines derived for normal exposure conditions to the ap...

Active modulation of the polarization states of terahertz light is indispensable for polarization-sensitive spectroscopy, having important applications such as non-contact Hall measurements, vibrational circular dichroism measurements and anisotropy imaging. In the terahertz region, the lack of a polarization modulator similar to a photoelastic modulator in the visible range hampers expansion o...

We propose a new type of bistable device for silicon photonics, using the self-electro-optic effect within an optical cavity. Since the bistability does not depend on the intrinsic optical nonlinearity of the material, but is instead engineered by means of optoelectronic feedback, it appears at low optical powers. This bistable device satisfies all the basic criteria required in an optical swit...

Lithography, the fundamental fabrication process of semiconductor devices, is playing a critical role nowadays in the fabrication of microand nano-structures especially for the realization of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), microfluidic devices, photonic crystals, photonic integrated circuits, micro-optics, and plasmonic optoelectronic devices. These devices have various practical appl...

Recently, new theoretical design paradigms have facilitated the production of organic electro-optic materials that have been used to fabricate simple electro-optic devices characterized by halfwave voltages of less than 1 volt and demonstrated frequency response to above 100 GHz. Electrooptic circuitry has been vertically integrated with VLSI electronics and 3-D circuitry has been demonstrated....

Larger width of P-cladding layer in p-i-n waveguide of traveling wave electroabsorption modulator (TWEAM) results in lower resistance and microwave propagation loss which provides an enhanced high speed electro-optical response. In this paper, a fullvectorial finite-difference-based optical mode solver is presented to analyze mushroom-type TWEAM for the first time. In this analysis, the discont...

in the present study, ptruce/mwnts nanocatalysts synthesized via polyol process technique are applied as anode electro-catalyst in methanol electro-oxidation reaction (mor). to characterize the nanocatalysts, tem, xrd, eds and xps are investigated. cyclic voltammetry and choronoamperometry are used to evaluate the electro-catalytic activity and stability of the catalysts in methanol electro-oxi...

We report the development and characterization of 2-D photonic crystal (PC) microcavity devices on silicon on insulator. The transmission of light through a 2-D PC microcavity near resonance can be switched on and off by modulating the refractive index of the PC. Because silicon has poor electro-optical properties, it is advantageous to insert electro-optic materials inside the air holes. In th...