Abstrac t Biosensors are devices that detect and transmit information regarding a physiological change or the presence of various chemical or biological materials in a given environment. A new concept of electrochemical biosensors, directly related to the biological redox processes at the cellular and subcellular level, is proposed for testing microfluidic probes, in order to investigate and tr...

The analysis of opiates is of vital interest in drug abuse monitoring and research. This review presents a general overview of the electrochemical methods used for detection and quantification of opiates in a variety of matrices. Emphasis has been placed on the voltammetric methods used for study and determination of morphine, codeine, and heroin. Specific issues that need to be solved and bett...

Polyelectrolyte multilayers built via the layer-by-layer (LbL) method has been one of the most promising systems in the field of materials science. Layered structures can be constructed by the adsorption of various polyelectrolyte species onto the surface of a solid or liquid material by means of electrostatic interaction. The thickness of the adsorbed layers can be tuned precisely in the nanom...

Psychotropic drugs are an important family of compounds from a medical point of view. Their application in therapy requires methods for the determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and body fluids. Several methods for their analysis have been reported in the literature. Among the methods, spectrophotometric and electrochemical are very useful for the determination of the drugs. Some of the ...

Electrochemical oxidation of biologically-pretreated dye wastewater was performed in a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode system. After electrolysis of 12h, the COD was decreased from 532 to 99 mg L(-1) (<100 mg L(-1), the National Discharge Standard of China). More importantly, the destination of organic pollutants during electrochemical oxidation process was carefully investigated by molecular w...

Reactive NOx is one of the major air pollutants, which also plays a key role as greenhouse gas. Many research efforts have been devoted to not only detection of NOx in air but also abatement of NOx emission. The aim of this mini review is to provide a panoramic snapshot of the electrochemical analysis methods for the emission and detection of NOx in atmosphere, with special emphasis on NOx sens...

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are able to produce electricity and heat from hydrogen- or carbon-containing fuels with high efficiencies and are considered important cornerstones for future sustainable energy systems. Performance, activation and degradation processes are crucial parameters to control before the technology can achieve breakthrough. They have been widely studied, predominately by...

Electrochemical analysis allows in situ characterization of solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) under operating conditions. However, the SOCs that have been analyzed in this way have ill-defined or uncommon microstructures in terms of porosity and tortuosity. Therefore, the nano-scale characterization of SOCs with respect to three-phase boundaries has been hindered. We introduce novel in s...

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